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1885 : Conception of the « French Wine Coca » , by John Pemberton 1886 : Creation of the Coca-Cola 1888 : The business is bought by Asa Candler for 2,300 $ 1892 : Asa Candler founds The Coca-Cola Company 1893 : The brand Coca-Cola is deposited in the USPTO 1894 : Creation of...
Each and every one of us enters this world with a cry, and it is with this utmost fundamental expression of ourselves that we first convey to our parents our basic needs and wants, later expanding the scope of communication to friends and then the community. This is why speech—and...
In the Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on international commercial arbitration, it is stated that “[t]he issues relating to setting aside or annulment of arbitral awards are amongst the most difficult ones to be settled in the model law.”1 This might...
There is a tension inherent to the arbitration process that raises the sensitive issue of the independence and impartiality of the arbitral tribunal; it is the “tension of an ideal, that is, perfect fairness of the arbitrator, against the reality that the very method by which arbitrators may...
One of the main problems faced by the arbitrator when it comes to choice of law is the question of mandatory rules of law. A mandatory rule, as defined by Professor Mayer, refers to “an imperative provision of law which must be applied to an international relationship irrespective of the law...
Subject matter arbitrability, also called objective arbitrability or arbitrability ratione materiae, usually refers to the question of whether the particular subject matter of a given dispute may be resolved by arbitration. Such a question arises due to the tension between two policies: the...
The kompetenz-kompetenz doctrine is generally understood as the arbitral tribunal's authority to rule on the scope, validity and existence of the arbitration agreement if any of these are challenged, and thereby to rule essentially also on its own jurisdiction. Although under this doctrine there...
Fighting cartels is not an easy business to be in. Companies operating cartels are of course very much aware of the illegality of their conduct under the antitrust laws. For that reason, cartels are typically operated in secrecy and considerable efforts are devoted by the participants to avoiding...
‘A healthy environment is essential to long term prosperity and quality of life and citizens in Europe demand a high level of environmental protection'. This quote from the European Commission and the introduction of the Sixth Environment Action Programme - 'Environment 2010: Our future, our...
The right to life has been interpreted as both permitting exceptions and imposing obligations with regard to the death penalty. Discuss. Through centuries, religions and philosophies have strongly condemned the act of killing human life. The extend of states violence during the Second World War...
The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC (referred to as “the Directive”) has been adopted by the European Parliament and the Council on May 11th 2005 following the Commission's Green Paper on Consumer Protection of the European Union (EU)which set the grounds for the...
The Supreme Court by its recent decision Randall v. Sorrell of the 26th of June 2006 struck down a law of the state of Vermont which severely limited the amount of money a candidate for state offices can raise and spend. The Supreme Court's rationale was based on the violation by such laws of the...
