UK Company Law: Minority Shareholders Protection
Étude de cas - 7 pages - Droit international
Northwest Transportation Company Ltd v Beatty (1887): the case involving ratifying breach of duty regarding self-dealing. The courts held that controlling shareholder-director can vote in favour of ratifying the breach. However, there are two restrictions: (i) directors cannot commit...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
Comparative study - sociological and legal perspective over the national and the EU policies in France, Sweden and Spain
Étude de cas - 13 pages - Droit européen
Professional immigration in France is organised in such a manner to complete the needs of companies and to be adapted to France's accommodation and working capacities, while taking into consideration economic situation in the country. France does not formally distinguish immigrants on the ground...
Presidency of India
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The President of India is the head of State as the first citizen of India, and has therefore an important role to play in the political system. He has special duties and powers, which give him importance in the Indian political life. This function first appeared with the Indian Constitution that...
Public international law - the problems associated with the proliferation of international judicial bodies
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit international
Since the end of the Cold War, a new phenomenon in international law has surfaced: the proliferation of international judicial bodies as a consequence of the increasing number of treaties. More than just a numeral observation, there have been changes concerning the nature and competences of these...
The role (present and future) of the European Court of Justice in the protection of asylum-seekers in the European Union
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
The European Court of Justice has laid down a legal Act pertaining to the judicial protection towards asylum seekers. However, this act is not completely flawless. Even if all the Member States ratify the new constitution and it be made effective thereafter, the future of the asylum...
Secret professionnel et confidentialité dans la profession d'avocat
Cours - 45 pages - Droit autres branches
La déontologie dont font partie intégrante le secret professionnel et la confidentialité, caractérise l'esprit de dévouement et de liberté qui anime le Barreau. Elle est une garantie fondamentale. Parce qu'il n'y a pas de démocratie sans justice, pas de justice sans défense et pas de...
Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State, Jurgen Habermas
Commentaire de texte - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Jurgen Habermas, a German philosopher and sociologist born in 1929, has propounded theory inscribed in the tradition of the significant theory and American pragmatism. He has written several pieces about communication, social identity, Europe and multiculturalism in the post-national...
Les différences majeures entre la technique du trust et celle de la fiducie
Dissertation - 19 pages - Droit des affaires
« Des accords des plus grandes guerres au plus simple héritage, du plus audacieux complot de Wall Street à la protection des petits enfants, le trust voit défiler devant lui le cortège hétéroclite de tous les efforts de l'humanité : les rêves de paix, l'impérialisme commercial, les...
Les interactions entre le Conseil de l'Europe et l'Union européenne : l'exemple de la protection des droits de l'homme
Cours - 17 pages - Droit international
Devant le silence des traités originaires, la CJCE a refusé, tout d'abord, au nom du principe de l'autonomie de l'ordre juridique communautaire, de contrôler la légalité des actes communautaires au regard des droits fondamentaux garantis par les Constitutions nationales au motif...
Customary International Law and FDI
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit des affaires
The notions of expropriation and of its compensation are at the heart of every discussion pertaining to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In fact, one might argue that these notions, among others, reflect the complex nature inherent to the FDI mechanism. The complexity lies in the fact that the...
Is the American Constitution the best in the world?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"We, the people of the United States,?do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America?. By these words starts the American Constitution. This document was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention, led by Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, and...
The duties of the board of directors
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit fiscal
The corporation according to how we understand it today, came into existence in the 19th century because entrepreneur needed a device to raise capital from a large number of investors. According to the legal dictionary: “the corporation is an organization formed with state governmental...
Légalité et sécurité juridique, deux principes antinomiques?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit administratif
Le sujet soulève la question d'une possible contrariété entre deux principes, l'un étant la pièce maîtresse du droit administratif, reconnu depuis longtemps (il date d'une époque marquée par l'absence de contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois, ces dernières apparaissant comme la seule norme...
Le terrorisme en Angleterre
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit pénal
La Grande Bretagne est habituée depuis fort longtemps aux attentats terroristes sur son territoire. En effet, elle a tout d'abord connu un terrorisme dit intra-étatique. motivé par des mouvements de protestation politique ou sociale. Ainsi en a-t-il été du problème irlandais. Celui-ci a pris...
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza case analysis
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
In the United Kingdom, where there is no written Constitution, the section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 has given the courts the prerogative to read and give effect to statutes “in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights ”. If it cannot be done so, the section 4(2)...
Constitutional law applicable in the Anglo-Saxon - parliamentary sovereignty
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
One of the key characteristics of British Constitution is the dominance of the Parliament. The Parliament is the main legislative body in British Constitution. It is bicameral; and is composed of two chambers, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The main functions of the Parliament are...
Les mesures contre les personnes dangereuses aux États-Unis : le terrorisme et la récidive
Dissertation - 10 pages - Libertés publiques
Un projet de loi, baptisé "Anti-terrorism Act", fut déposé au Congrès des États-Unis quelques jours après les attentats. Il s'agissait d'un projet dense de cent vingt pages, comprenant des centaines de renvois. On peut donc légitimement douter que le texte ait réellement été rédigé...
European union law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
According to the European Court of Justice, the ability to review the legality of Community Acts is a part of "the complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions". Following article...
Intellectual Property : Peterson J. once said that ?what's worth copying is worth protecting'. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit des affaires
At the heart of the copyright legislation is the concept of copying. Copying upto a certain extent is forgiven on the basis of ?fair dealing'. However, the plaintiff has the problem of proving that copying has occurred. One may conclude that Peterson J. overstated the degree of protection...
Standard Oil of New Jersey v. U.S., 221 U.S. 1 (1911)
Commentaire d'arrêt - 21 pages - Droit autres branches
La question posée à la Cour Suprême dans l'arrêt Standard Oil of New Jersey v. United States est une question d'interprétation législative. Plus particulièrement, il s'agissait pour la Cour d'interpréter les sections 1 et 2 du Sherman Antitrust Act, ou loi Sherman, sur...
Etude comparée de la lettre de change en France et en Irlande
Mémoire - 14 pages - Droit bancaire
« Le droit commercial est une branche du droit privé concernant les aspects légaux des activités des commerçants, ainsi que dans leur relation avec leurs clients... Cette définition du professeur ROBLOT , citée par M. FORDE dans l'introduction de son manuel, pourrait faire penser que le droit...
Do you think Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22 was correctly decided by the House of Lords?
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit pénal
On the 3rd May 2001, the House of Lords gave their judgment to Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22. By overruling a previous decision of the Court of Appeal; Trotman v North Yorkshire County Council [1999] LGR 584. The House of Lords widened the scope of vicarious liability to include acts...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by death without...
Section 172 of the companies
Commentaire de texte - 6 pages - Droit des affaires
The board of directors have exclusive powers in conducting the business of a company. Such a centralised decision-making process allows directors to act efficiently and independently from the company's other stakeholders but as Sealy and Worthington write, the risk is that directors...
Common land ownership in Scotland
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit autres branches
This essay was largely inspired by the working papers of Andy Wightman, Robin Callander, Graham Boyd and James Perman. James Perman is a Chartered Accountant from Largs. Andy Wightman, Robin Callander and Graham Boyd are independent authors and researchers who work together on occasion through...
Copyright of employed persons' creations
Fiche - 11 pages - Droit autres branches
In Australia, the copyright law gives the creator or the author of a piece of writing the first ownership of copyright. In fact, section 35(2) of the Copyright Act 1968 provides that: "Subject to this section, the author of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is the owner of any...
Trade Unions in the United-States
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
The twentieth century witnessed major evolutions in the American workplace, from mass production, to automation, and all the way to the digital economy we know now. Workers' lives have evolved similarly, mostly gaining from the benefits during the century. American workers mostly have their...
General principles of the Canadian constitutional law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
As a former member of the British Empire, Canada has been widely influenced by certain aspects of the English law. The Canadian parliamentary system finds its origins in the British institutions that were settled after the conquest of 1760 and more particularly with the 1791 constitutional...
Conflict of Laws
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit civil
The recognition of same-sex marriage is becoming an issue in many countries, and there are today 14 countries allowing same-sex marriage, including Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Brazil, South Africa, Argentina, and 11 states of the United States. In Ireland however, as...
