Droit comparé : les principaux systèmes juridiques, leurs interactions et convergences
Cours - 44 pages - Droit autres branches
Dès qu'il y a société, il y a du droit. Chaque société a son propre droit, et donc il est possible de le comparer avec le nôtre ou comparer les systèmes normatifs entre eux. La comparaison peut s'effectuer à différents niveaux : - Entre droits semblables, mais qui se différencient sur...
Une constitution non écrite est-elle moins contraignante qu'une constitution écrite ?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Dans un cadre démocratique, la Constitution représente ainsi un enjeu politique et symbolique très important et c'est pourquoi la plupart des pays sont dotés de Constitutions écrites. Historiquement, nous pouvons constater que faire le choix d'une Constitution écrite sert à marquer un...
Les dispositions juridiques de droit du numérique applicables à la Déclaration européenne sur les droits et principes numériques
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit de l'internet & du digital
Pour que l'utilisateur puisse exercer son libre choix, certaines règles doivent être appliquées. La première est la transparence, c'est-à-dire une plus grande transparence des places de marché en ligne à l'égard des vendeurs qui commercialisent des produits ou des services sur leur...
Une démarche commune à nombre d'Etats à l'époque moderne
Cours - 3 pages - Histoire du droit
Le 16e siècle est une rupture car c'est la Renaissance. On place l'homme au centre de l'univers. Il y a un intérêt nouveau pour l'Antiquité. Dans le domaine juridique, on va beaucoup s'appuyer sur le droit romain, ce droit va former une base essentielle sur laquelle on va pouvoir construire le...
"The State of exception" in France and the United Kingdom
Dissertation - 4 pages - Libertés publiques
The concept of state of exception belongs to the legal theory of Carl Schmitt. It is concerned by the state of emergencies based on the sovereign's ability to transcend the rule of law for or at least in the name of the public good. In the United Kingdom and France, the state of...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation What is comity?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Comity, first referred to as comitas gentium by Ulrich Huber in the 17th Century, literally translates to courtesy of people. It provides, in fact with an intellectual and legal justification, the recognition of a foreign law by a sovereign state without weakening the sovereignty of the...
L'Alien Tort Statute : un instrument controversé pour engager la responsabilité internationale devant les juridictions civiles américaines
Étude de cas - 11 pages - Droit international
L'Alien Tort Statute, également appelé Alien Tort Claim Act ou Alien Tort Act par la doctrine et la jurisprudence, fut adopté par le premier Congrès américain le 24 septembre 1789 en tant que partie intégrante du Federal Judiciary Act . Il est actuellement transposé à la...
The installation of a phone mast near a school
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit civil
Peter is single and is employed by the Lobby Group Ltd., a professional, "non-profit" company that acts as a general lobby group for industrialists. Last year he moved to live in a town close to his place of employment. He discovered that the local green field site, adjoining the village...
The difficult application of canadian criminal law in Nunavut
Thèse - 57 pages - Droit international
With its creation in 1999, the new territory of Nunavut hoped to solve the social and economical problems it was facing. For the second time in the history of the Poles, indigenous people were given the right by the government to decide their future. The first Inuit to be recognized were the...
Community and the French constitution
Thèse - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
This quotation makes truly central the question of the relations between Community Law and national laws. Community Law enjoys the privilege of primacy over national laws, as a result of the Costa judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1964. In contrast with ordinary international...
Cour de justice des communautés européennes (CJCE), 17 février 1998 - discrimination fondée sur la préférence sexuelle
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit européen
L'arrêt de la Cour de Justice des Communautés européennes du 17 février 1998 "Lisa Jacqueline Grant contre South West Train Ltd" traite de cette égalité de rémunération entre les hommes et les femmes et illustre les limites d'application de ce principe. Mme Grant est...
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit international
Following the American Civil Revolution, the federal government sought to grant protection of civil rights for those who have been neglected by it before: African Americans who have just been freed from slavery. This period was called the Reformation (between 1865 and 1877 when they tried...
Family Law: Comparison France Vs. China
Dissertation - 20 pages - Droit de la famille
During the last century, the Chinese government decided to abolish the old family system and establish a new family idea: the socialist family system (the Marriage Code of 1950). This marked a turning point in Chinese common law and the beginning of a new family way of thinking. With this new...
Massachussets versus Environmental Protection Agency
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit international
This decision dealt with environmental matters and was regarded as one of the most important environmental Supreme Court decisions in years. If one in the present age delves into this case, the insights would have a grave impact on the pollution control and globalization boom. The case begins...
UK Company Law: Minority Shareholders Protection
Étude de cas - 7 pages - Droit international
Northwest Transportation Company Ltd v Beatty (1887): the case involving ratifying breach of duty regarding self-dealing. The courts held that controlling shareholder-director can vote in favour of ratifying the breach. However, there are two restrictions: (i) directors cannot commit...
European Law - Article 30 of the Treaty of the European Union
Commentaire de texte - 4 pages - Droit européen
Article 230 of the Treaty of European Community is the principal Treaty which can challenge community norms. Four conditions have to be satisfied in order to allow this mechanism. First of all, the act has to be quoted by the article, secondly the institution or person who challenges the...
The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
The Preamble of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) first recognizes serious crimes committed in the 20th Centur. It refers directly to genocides and crimes against humanity committed all around the world in the past century. As recent examples of those terrible tragedies,...
Compare natural law and legal positivist accounts of legal validity. Which is more convincing?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
What is law? What a controversial and complex question! It is the raison d‘être of the philosophy of law, over many years, which is aim to understand the generals conditions which would render any putative norm legally valid. Does legal validity lie in the norm's content or in the...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
Presidency of India
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The President of India is the head of State as the first citizen of India, and has therefore an important role to play in the political system. He has special duties and powers, which give him importance in the Indian political life. This function first appeared with the Indian Constitution that...
Comparative study - sociological and legal perspective over the national and the EU policies in France, Sweden and Spain
Étude de cas - 13 pages - Droit européen
Professional immigration in France is organised in such a manner to complete the needs of companies and to be adapted to France's accommodation and working capacities, while taking into consideration economic situation in the country. France does not formally distinguish immigrants on the ground...
Public international law - the problems associated with the proliferation of international judicial bodies
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit international
Since the end of the Cold War, a new phenomenon in international law has surfaced: the proliferation of international judicial bodies as a consequence of the increasing number of treaties. More than just a numeral observation, there have been changes concerning the nature and competences of these...
The role (present and future) of the European Court of Justice in the protection of asylum-seekers in the European Union
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
The European Court of Justice has laid down a legal Act pertaining to the judicial protection towards asylum seekers. However, this act is not completely flawless. Even if all the Member States ratify the new constitution and it be made effective thereafter, the future of the asylum...
Secret professionnel et confidentialité dans la profession d'avocat
Cours - 45 pages - Droit autres branches
La déontologie dont font partie intégrante le secret professionnel et la confidentialité, caractérise l'esprit de dévouement et de liberté qui anime le Barreau. Elle est une garantie fondamentale. Parce qu'il n'y a pas de démocratie sans justice, pas de justice sans défense et pas de...
Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State, Jurgen Habermas
Commentaire de texte - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Jurgen Habermas, a German philosopher and sociologist born in 1929, has propounded theory inscribed in the tradition of the significant theory and American pragmatism. He has written several pieces about communication, social identity, Europe and multiculturalism in the post-national...
Les différences majeures entre la technique du trust et celle de la fiducie
Dissertation - 19 pages - Droit des affaires
« Des accords des plus grandes guerres au plus simple héritage, du plus audacieux complot de Wall Street à la protection des petits enfants, le trust voit défiler devant lui le cortège hétéroclite de tous les efforts de l'humanité : les rêves de paix, l'impérialisme commercial, les...
Les interactions entre le Conseil de l'Europe et l'Union européenne : l'exemple de la protection des droits de l'homme
Cours - 17 pages - Droit international
Devant le silence des traités originaires, la CJCE a refusé, tout d'abord, au nom du principe de l'autonomie de l'ordre juridique communautaire, de contrôler la légalité des actes communautaires au regard des droits fondamentaux garantis par les Constitutions nationales au motif...
Customary International Law and FDI
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit des affaires
The notions of expropriation and of its compensation are at the heart of every discussion pertaining to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In fact, one might argue that these notions, among others, reflect the complex nature inherent to the FDI mechanism. The complexity lies in the fact that the...
Is the American Constitution the best in the world?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"We, the people of the United States,?do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America?. By these words starts the American Constitution. This document was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention, led by Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, and...
The duties of the board of directors
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit fiscal
The corporation according to how we understand it today, came into existence in the 19th century because entrepreneur needed a device to raise capital from a large number of investors. According to the legal dictionary: “the corporation is an organization formed with state governmental...
