Vienna Convention on consular relations
Commentaire d'arrêt - 9 pages - Droit international
THE HAGUE, 10 March 2005. Today the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, delivered its Judgment in the case concerning Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America). On 3 April 1998, the Republic of Paraguay filed...
An evaluation of the harmonised treatment of unfair commercial practices
Étude de cas - 17 pages - Droit autres branches
The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC (referred to as “the Directive”) has been adopted by the European Parliament and the Council on May 11th 2005 following the Commission's Green Paper on Consumer Protection of the European Union (EU)which set the grounds for the...
English Legal System : The Administration of England and Wales
Cours - 93 pages - Droit autres branches
We'll study the administration of justice in England and Wales. Scotland has it's own courts and system. Civil and criminal justice have come close to each other. They must be treated separately because they are very different in particular in the point of view of appeals and the...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation - The slavery issue and the conflict of laws
Dissertation - 6 pages - Histoire du droit
In the field of the conflict of laws, slavery is often perceived as the most difficult question which the courts had to face. Indeed, it is hard to have an indifferent view on the issue, as it involves matters of philosophical, humanitarian, moral, political and economic considerations, which...
Principles and Practices of Consumer's Protection within the European Union
Dissertation - 19 pages - Droit européen
The objective of the European Union is to protect the health, safety and the economic well-being of its citizens. In this regard, it is the responsibility of the EU to promote the right to information, help in safeguarding the interests and encourage the member states to set up consumer...
Discuss the use made by the European Court of Justice of Articles 10 and 249 EC (ex Articles 5 and 189) to increase the effectiveness of Community law for individuals
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
International Law, by its nature binds the State in its executive, legislative, and judicial activities, and no international tribunal would permit a respondent State to plead provisions of its law or constitutions as a defence to an alleged infringement of an international obligations. It is the...
International human rights law - publié le 18/12/2005
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Today, various international instruments allow for the protection and respect of human rights. Thus, the International Bill of Rights is the basis composed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the two subsequent International Covenants of 1966. The United Nations, which is...
Criminal law in European Democracy
Dissertation - 17 pages - Droit pénal
Criminal law refers to the need of justice in a society. The European region is called as a continent in geographical terms. However on a broader sense Europe is the Western fifth of the Eurasian landmass of the European Union. Criminal policy in democratic states should encompass the prevention,...
Theory of direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Born into the International order, the European Community law can touch people only through the juridical order of its Member State. Therefore arises the question about the relationship between EC law and domestic law. The EC law concerns much more directly individuals than the international law....
Regulations: Direct applicability and Direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Article 249 of the European Community Treaty provides that Regulations shall be directly applicable in all Member States. Does this mean that they are also necessarily directly effective? As notices Josephine Steiner , this question is of paramount concern to EC lawyers. If a provision of EEC law...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
Critically assess the legal basis and context of the European arrest warrant
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
In the olden days, Europe was a place where there were fewer barriers economically, politically and socially. Everything moved freely: stocks, goods, people and also criminals. To strike a balance between freedom and security, some measures had to be taken. The framework decision defines...
Fundamental freedom of EU: Free movement of persons from associate countries.
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
Free movement of goods, workers (human capital), services and capital constitute as the fundamental elements of the European Community and the European Union (EU). The above elements play a major role in achieving the objectives of the European Union as mentioned in the Article 2 of the EC Treaty...
The role of the ECJ's (European Court of Justice) : the consumer who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit européen
The legal term of the “average consumer” was created by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to protect the average consumer against unfair commercial practises. After the Second War World, many states were indeed inspired by Keynes's theory that aimed at division of resources and...
Critically consider Thomas Franck's argument about an emerging right to democratic governance in international law with particular reference to the recent Palestinian elections returning a Hamas governing authority
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit constitutionnel
“Democratic tradition involves a richly evolving collection of diverse beliefs, processes and structures that are neither easily characterized in concise terms nor summarized in a single systematic philosophy of governance” . The complexity of democratic governance could not be better...
Conditions of detention and "other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments"
Dissertation - 10 pages - Libertés publiques
On March 6, 2006, Alain Grignard, the deputy head of the Brussels police anti-terrorism unit declared on his return from a visit to Guantanamo-Bay with Anne-Marie Lizin, chair of the Belgian Senate: "At the level of detention facilities, it is a model prison, where people are better treated than...
The future of the EU - Federalization: a far-reaching goal of European integration ?
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit européen
The debate on the future of Europe originated from the Nice Treaty. Two years ago, German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer re-launched the idea of a European federation, which he called a "federation of nation-states?. The notion of "federation of nation-states? was inspired by J.Delors'...
Standard Oil of New Jersey v. U.S., 221 U.S. 1 (1911)
Commentaire d'arrêt - 21 pages - Droit autres branches
La question posée à la Cour Suprême dans l'arrêt Standard Oil of New Jersey v. United States est une question d'interprétation législative. Plus particulièrement, il s'agissait pour la Cour d'interpréter les sections 1 et 2 du Sherman Antitrust Act, ou loi Sherman, sur lesquelles...
Presidency of India
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The President of India is the head of State as the first citizen of India, and has therefore an important role to play in the political system. He has special duties and powers, which give him importance in the Indian political life. This function first appeared with the Indian Constitution that...
Essay: Poverty and Global Justice
Dissertation - 17 pages - Droit international
Pregs Govender is a deputy from the South African Human Rights Commission deeply implicated in Human Rights issues in South Africa. She strongly highlighted the urgency of the situation in South Africa concerning poverty by affirming that « Sixteen million people, mostly woman, in rural areas...
The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
The Preamble of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) first recognizes serious crimes committed in the 20th Centur. It refers directly to genocides and crimes against humanity committed all around the world in the past century. As recent examples of those terrible tragedies,...
The clash of universalisms, Corporate abuses of human rights and international corporate responsibility
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit international
Economic History is a discipline not so distant from Law when it comes to understanding the complexity of relations mingling with the power of National States expressed by their faculty of producing law within a territory, and that of commercial enterprises. French economic historian Philippe...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation What is comity?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Comity, first referred to as comitas gentium by Ulrich Huber in the 17th Century, literally translates to courtesy of people. It provides, in fact with an intellectual and legal justification, the recognition of a foreign law by a sovereign state without weakening the sovereignty of the forum....
European Labour law: Compare and contrast the role and concerns of International Law with those of European Law in the field of Employment
Thèse - 7 pages - Droit européen
Employment law is a contract between an employer and an employee; it is issues regarding employment, workplace discrimination and other private law issues. With the evolution of the International and the European law, Employment law has evolved in parallel and must deal with new concerns. In...
Critically discuss the contributions of the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) movement to international legal scholarship
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
After the World War II and its atrocities, a new international institution, the United Nations (UN) was created in 1945 to focus on the new challenges faced by the international community. One of the major challenges was the wave of decolonization which started between the two World wars. It was...
NAFTA Dispute Settlement
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit des affaires
This paper illustrates the tensions inherent to the North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA dispute settlement mechanism. They also underline the difficulties encountered to establish a proper balance between two legitimate and contradictory interests, namely the protection of investors'...
European Human Rights Law
Fiche - 3 pages - Droit européen
Article 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights, imposes a duty on States to protect and respect life, and has put to another level the importance of positive obligations on States. The lawfulness of intentional and unintentional killings as well as the level of effectiveness of the...
The role (present and future) of the European Court of Justice in the protection of asylum-seekers in the European Union
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
The European Court of Justice has laid down a legal Act pertaining to the judicial protection towards asylum seekers. However, this act is not completely flawless. Even if all the Member States ratify the new constitution and it be made effective thereafter, the future of the asylum seekers along...
L'Alien Tort Statute : un instrument controversé pour engager la responsabilité internationale devant les juridictions civiles américaines
Étude de cas - 11 pages - Droit international
L'Alien Tort Statute, également appelé Alien Tort Claim Act ou Alien Tort Act par la doctrine et la jurisprudence, fut adopté par le premier Congrès américain le 24 septembre 1789 en tant que partie intégrante du Federal Judiciary Act . Il est actuellement transposé à la section 1350 de l'article...
The Lisbon Treaty: European Federation?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit européen
The word 'federal' isn't mentioned in any European treaty. The European authorities have decided to avoid referring to this system of governance to talk about the European project. However, the concept of a European federation hides beneath all European treaties. Applied to states, in...
