Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States
Mémoire - 25 pages - Droit européen
Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via the European Community (EC)....
The Relationship between international law of human rights and international law applicable to armed conflict
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit international
In the modern scenario, the protection of human rights has found its rightful place in international law. It has been a revolutionary reform, as it had no significant place a few decades ago. The international law applicable to armed conflicts (also called international humanitarian law) and the...
Free movement of people among administrations of the Member States
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
Free movement of people (workers) in the European Union (EU) Member States is one of the Four Freedoms and was developed from the concept of EU citizenship introduced by the Maastricht Treaty (1992). In fact, the European Coal and Steel Community (1951) established a right for free movement for...
Implementation of European Law in a federal state: The Belgian case between coherence and autonomy
Fiche - 9 pages - Droit européen
‘Ultimately the impact of EU rules depends on the willingness and capacity of Member States authorities to ensure that they are transposed and enforced effectively and fully and on time' (Graver) . This statement from the European Commission in its White Paper on Governance deals...
Under what circumstances do you think states should intervene in humanitarian crises?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
Humanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for different states? Is humanitarian intervention a right...
Rule of law in religious states - What does it mean when the State calls itself religious?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit autres branches
Essai en droit constitutionnel en anglais sur l'Etat de droit dans les Etats religieux.
Williams Act and takeover defences in the United States
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit international
This statement will be discussed : “Without the process effects generated by the availability of takeover defense in the United States, the Williams Act would not be fit for purpose” The United States is among the countries the most favorable to the use of takeover defenses. A...
The Supreme Court of the United States : a single institution in its kind
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit autres branches
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judiciary. Established in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States, the Supreme Court is at the same time, the referee of legal...
"The State of exception" in France and the United Kingdom
Dissertation - 4 pages - Libertés publiques
The concept of state of exception belongs to the legal theory of Carl Schmitt. It is concerned by the state of emergencies based on the sovereign's ability to transcend the rule of law for or at least in the name of the public good. In the United Kingdom and France, the state of exception...
Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State, Jurgen Habermas
Commentaire de texte - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Jurgen Habermas, a German philosopher and sociologist born in 1929, has propounded theory inscribed in the tradition of the significant theory and American pragmatism. He has written several pieces about communication, social identity, Europe and multiculturalism in the post-national...
Jury selection in the United States of America
Dissertation - 6 pages - Procédure pénale
In the United States, when a trial takes place, it begins with the jury selection, which is the process whereby, according to law and precedent, members of a particular trial jury are chosen. The right to have a jury dates from the Magna Carta and it is incorporated in the Sixth Amendment of the...
Should the state restrict the right of individual to hunt?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
The claim is to prove that people who want to hunt need a restriction which should come from the state. Since the mists of time, human beings have been hunting. At the beginning, it was necessary to survive, to eat and to feed one's family. Nowadays, things have changed and to speak about...
Les effets des modes de scrutin - publié le 19/05/2021
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit constitutionnel
En 2016 aux États-Unis, Hilary Clinton avait reçu un nombre de voix venant du peuple supérieur à celui de Donald Trump. Or, lors du scrutin, les Américains désignent les grands électeurs qui vont eux élire le président. De cette manière, Donald Trump ayant récolté le plus grand nombre de "swing...
Faut-il réformer le mode d'élection du président des États-Unis ?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
En démocratie, il n'y a pas d'autre légitimité politique que celle de l'élection. C'est l'élection par la majorité qui confère le pouvoir de représenter la totalité. C'est ce qu'on appelle le fait majoritaire. Mais tout dépend comment on parvient à cette majorité. De...
Evaluate the developing case law of the Court of Justice with respect to its application of the principle of State liability to situations in which a Member state has failed to fulfil its obligations concerning the transposition of a Directive into nation
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
In the first part, I shall debate that the immediate consequence of the directives and article 228 were the first steps taken by the court with respect to the application of a state liability. In the second part, I shall explain the context and consequences of the application of the state...
Labour unions in the United States
Fiche - 2 pages - Droit du travail
Trade unions in the United States were first organized in the early nineteenth century. The main purpose of a trade union is to collectively bargain with employers for wages, hours, and working conditions. We can define labour union like an association, combination, or organization of employees...
Commentaire d'arrêt : Mary Carpenter contre Secretary of State for the Home Department, C-60/00
Commentaire d'arrêt - 11 pages - Droit européen
La libre prestation de service constitue une des quatre libertés garanties par le Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne (TCE). Considérée dans les articles 49 et suivants, elle consiste à fournir des services moyennant rémunération. Comme les autres libertés, elle est protégée par la Cour...
Les « Failed States »
Fiche - 3 pages - Droit international
La notion de « failed state », traduite en français par « Etat défaillant », « Etat déliquescent » ou encore « Etat en échec » est une question centrale du droit international. L'Etat défaillant serait l'Etat qui faillit dans l'accomplissement de l'une ou de plusieurs des trois critères posés...
Protection of homosexual rights by the European Court of Justice and influence of its decisions in member states' national legal order.
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit européen
The institutionalization of Europe was done in favor of the protection of liberty and human rights. But, is this protection effective for sexual minorities and more precisely for homosexual community? In January 18th 2006, the Parliament of Europe adopted a resolution on homophobia. This measure...
The International Criminal Court and the prosecution of nationals of non-party states
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
If the ICC can prosecute nationals of non-party states, then the principles of the Rome Statute violate a fundamental principle of general international law. What principle of general international law is violated and to what extent does the Rome Statute violate this?
En quoi la Constitution est-elle nécessaire à l'État ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"Une bonne Constitution ne peut suffire à faire le bonheur d'une Nation. Une mauvaise peut suffire à faire son malheur" disait Guy Carcassonne. Cette citation fait apparaître l'importance de la Constitution dans un État, elle en conditionne la conduite. Le mot État, du latin status...
De quelle manière s'organise l'élection du président des Etats-Unis ?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
On peut distinguer les modes de scrutin majoritaire des modes de scrutin à la proportionnelle. Aux États-Unis, le suffrage universel indirect est utilisé en pratique. Des représentants élus par les citoyens américains permettront avec la majorité des suffrages d'élire un président....
Comment la Cour suprême réussit-elle à gérer l'exercice de ses compétences et l'imposition de son propre pouvoir ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Placée au sommet de cette pyramide des pouvoirs, la Cour suprême est, dans une large mesure, issue du caractère fédéral américain. Par suite, dissemblable à l'organisation juridique française, cette Cour concentre la totalité des prérogatives et des pouvoirs entre les mains de neufs juges...
Comment garantir l'équilibre entre la nécessité d'assurer la sécurité et l'ordre public en période de crise et le respect des libertés fondamentales ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Libertés publiques
« L'état d'urgence est une mesure prise par le gouvernement en temps de crise et qui, en vertu de son caractère exceptionnel, peut avoir un impact significatif sur les libertés fondamentales. » - Maurice Duverger, "Les régimes politiques français", 1970. Cette citation de l'éminent...
La citoyenneté européenne
Cours - 4 pages - Droit européen
Les articles 20 à 25 du traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne prévoient les dispositions relatives à la citoyenne européenne. Pour en bénéficier, il est prévu qu'il faut d'abord bénéficier de la nationalité d'un État membre. Cependant, ce principe n'est pas...
L'évolution du droit public, Une survivance : la notion de Constitution - Georges Burdeau (1956)
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"La Constitution est un document qui protège le peuple du gouvernement", Ronald Reagan. Cette citation montre bien que la Constitution doit être un organe central dans un pays. On étudie ici un texte de Georges Burdeau. Ce grand juriste français expert en sciences politiques nous exprime dans ce...
Les théories de la justice
Cours - 4 pages - Histoire du droit
La justice commutative, elle vise à ce que chacun obtienne l'équivalent de ce qu'il a donné dans ses transactions. La justice distributive est le principe politique de répartition des charges et richesses de la vie sociale : les inégalités sont prises en considération. Un idéal normatif...
A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
This document concerns the detention of suspected terrorist suspects who are non-British nationals. In the context of a world which is more alert to security in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the Government reacted with new laws. However, these laws need to be tempered with age old principles of...
The common law jury through the example of England and the United States
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
In the common law countries, the jury takes a more prominent part in the judicial process than in the romano-civilist countries. The roots of the common law jury are archaic, but it has managed to survive, and to a considerable extent to thrive. In many common law countries, the right to trial by...
Trade Unions in the United-States
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
The twentieth century witnessed major evolutions in the American workplace, from mass production, to automation, and all the way to the digital economy we know now. Workers' lives have evolved similarly, mostly gaining from the benefits during the century. American workers mostly have their...
