Ending contractual obligations: factors and discharge
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit des obligations
The common law has always taken the view that people enter into contract voluntarily. It follows that if the contract was made without full knowledge of the facts, or if a person was forced to make a contract against his or her will, a court would consider that contract to be banned. The...
Le régime des plus ou moins-values professionnelles applicables aux entreprises relevant de l'impôt sur le revenu
Cours - 11 pages - Droit fiscal
La loi fiscale distingue deux catégories de plus-values réalisées ou de moins-values subies en cours ou en fin d'exploitation (Code général des impôts, articles 39 duodecies à 39 quindecies) : d'une part, les plus-values et les moins-values à court terme qui sont soumises à un...
Judicial Power: A third and co-equal branch, judicial review and independence
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
In the Constitution, the Supreme Court's specificity finds its origin in the adaptation of the British Common Law's legacy to the American federalism. And, the law's superiority or the 'Rule of Law' implies a strong Judicial System. Indeed, the United States seems to...
The Right to Strike within the Dutch Industrial Peace in the Light of International Conventions
Étude de cas - 9 pages - Droit du travail
The Dutch Constitution was updated in 1983 and now contains a list of fundamental social rights. The recognition of those rights, even though it is late, has had a strengthened impact on the fundamental rights concerning the labor law in the Netherlands. Furthermore, since the 1960's, the...
Rompilla versus Beard
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit pénal
Rompilla v. Beard is a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States about effectiveness of the trial counsel. The case started with a murder matter. Rompilla is sentenced to death by the Court of Pennsylvania, for the murder of James Scanlon in 1988, committed by...
The application of the European Arrest Warrant in the United Kingdom and its use in the fight against terrorism.
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is a judicial decision issued by a Member State with a view to the arrest and surrender by another Member State of a requested person, for the purposes of conducting a criminal prosecution or executing a custodial sentence or detention order.' The EAW is...
UK Company Law: Minority Shareholders Protection
Étude de cas - 7 pages - Droit international
Northwest Transportation Company Ltd v Beatty (1887): the case involving ratifying breach of duty regarding self-dealing. The courts held that controlling shareholder-director can vote in favour of ratifying the breach. However, there are two restrictions: (i) directors cannot commit...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation - The slavery issue and the conflict of laws
Dissertation - 6 pages - Histoire du droit
In the field of the conflict of laws, slavery is often perceived as the most difficult question which the courts had to face. Indeed, it is hard to have an indifferent view on the issue, as it involves matters of philosophical, humanitarian, moral, political and economic considerations,...
How has the Buckley v. Valeo decision affected campaign finance legislation and litigation?
Étude de cas - 8 pages - Droit autres branches
The Supreme Court by its recent decision Randall v. Sorrell of the 26th of June 2006 struck down a law of the state of Vermont which severely limited the amount of money a candidate for state offices can raise and spend. The Supreme Court's rationale was based on the violation by...
Contracts and tort law - Causation and loss of chance
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit des obligations
When it comes to tort or contract litigation in the aim of obtaining damages, the most important aspect to take into account is the issue of causation. Indeed, without proving a causal link between the defendant's action and the claimant's harm, no liability can be held. This rigor is a means of...
Consider the extent to which international law is law, or 'really law' or 'law properly so-called' with reference to legal and other theorists
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit international
Charlotte Ku and Paul F. Diehl noticed that at first sight, ‘International' and ‘Law' sound contradictory: “how can one imagine a structured and developed legal system functioning in a political environment that is diffused, disparated, unregulated and conventionally described as...
International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit international
After WWII, the world realized the madness of mankind: although the Jewish genocide wasn't the first one in history, it was the first one which the international community became really aware of. In order to punish the terrible war crimes, 2 international military tribunals were created: one...
Accor vs. Overture: Intellectual Propriety vs. Searching engine's adwords
Étude de cas - 17 pages - Droit des affaires
The introduction of an article should provide the reader with a short explanation of the issue to be discussed, a summary of what will be discussed in the paper, and a general idea of what the author's viewpoint on the issue is, and possible solutions to resolve the issue. In January 2002,...
Race and the U.S. constitution
Dissertation - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) is often considered as one of the "most important Supreme Court cases in American history" because it outlawed de jure racial segregation in public education, thus overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine maintained since Plessy v Ferguson...
Global litigation and conflict of laws
Cours - 5 pages - Droit international
Whether A can have the Belgian court cease the proceedings pending before it on the basis that parallel proceedings are pending in France depends on whether the case at hand fulfills the criteria of parallel proceedings, which is that the proceedings must involve “the same cause of...
The judiciary in the US political system
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The Constitution provides that federal judges, including judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, are appointed by the President "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." In 1803, the power of Judicial Review in the U.S. Supreme Court was established with the case...
The Salomon case
Étude de cas - 3 pages - Droit des affaires
Since the Salomon case, the doctrine of separate corporate personalities constitutes the corner stone of British company law. Thus, a properly incorporated company is considered as having a legal personality of its own and ought to be treated as a legal entity distinct from its shareholders even...
Cases study - Gebhard, Vlassopoulo and Klopp
Étude de cas - 9 pages - Droit européen
Case 1 - Mr. Gebhard was a German lawyer: he was a member of the Stuttgart Bar as ‘independent collaborator' and did not have any chamber there. He pursued a professional activity in Italy since 1978, initially as a collaborator in a set of chambers of lawyers practising in association in...
Community and the French constitution
Thèse - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
This quotation makes truly central the question of the relations between Community Law and national laws. Community Law enjoys the privilege of primacy over national laws, as a result of the Costa judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1964. In contrast with ordinary...
The legal professions in the English legal system: barristers, solicitors and magistrates
Cours - 7 pages - Droit autres branches
First, we must know there is a separation in the legal profession of lawyer, there are: - barristers: (avocat, conseiller juridique) who work exclusively in the bar (à la barre du tribunal) to defend their clients. - and solicitors (notaire, avoué) who work on the administrative aspects of the...
Cas pratique - le droit à la grève : qualification, analyse et sanctions
Cas Pratique - 6 pages - Droit du travail
En l'espèce, certains salariés ralentissent leur rythme de travail collectif et d'autres arrêtent de travailler pour de courtes durées pour des périodes qui se répètent. Comment qualifier ces actions ? Les grèves courtes et répétées sont-elles valides ? Existe-t-il des moyens de...
International Arbitration
Rapport de stage - 9 pages - Droit civil
With the growth of the business and financial world, it is more important for all these companies to have a quick and efficient method to resolve the possible disputes that can occur: this alternative dispute resolution method is the Arbitration. Definition and description of international...
The principle of direct effect.
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The principle of direct effect is fundamental in community law. It means that Community law can directly create or confer rights or obligations towards individuals, who could, in particular conditions, evoke directly effective community law before their national courts. There are two...
Equity and Trusts: The three certainties
Fiche - 4 pages - Histoire du droit
Document: Equity and Trusts: The three certainties, dissertation en anglais Extrait: The respect of the rule of the three certainties and formalities are compulsory in order to constitute an express trust. However it might sometimes lead to harsh results hence the eventual neglect of those...
Vocabulaire Anglais Juridique
Fiche - 9 pages - Droit autres branches
Fiche n°1 : the legal profession American Bar Association (US) : le Barreau attorney (US) : avocat attorney-general (AG) : procureur général Bar (GB) : le Barreau barrister(GB) : avocat circuit judge : juge itinérant civil servant : fonctionnaire court : tribunal court office :...
L'Alien Tort Statute : un instrument controversé pour engager la responsabilité internationale devant les juridictions civiles américaines
Étude de cas - 11 pages - Droit international
L'Alien Tort Statute, également appelé Alien Tort Claim Act ou Alien Tort Act par la doctrine et la jurisprudence, fut adopté par le premier Congrès américain le 24 septembre 1789 en tant que partie intégrante du Federal Judiciary Act . Il est actuellement transposé à la section 1350 de l'article...
European union law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
According to the European Court of Justice, the ability to review the legality of Community Acts is a part of "the complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions". Following...
Difficulties of application of international law - Example of the Cambodia genocide
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
This paper will show to the reader the difficulties which can appear in practice concerning the international criminal law. Indeed, several problems can occur. First of all, one has to know what the aim of the international criminal law is and we have to define what is the international criminal...
Application concrète du droit des étrangers au cas d'une ressortissante algérienne voulant s'établir en France en qualité de commerçante
Étude de cas - 16 pages - Droit international
Mme S est née le 16 novembre 1958 à Béjaïa en Algérie. Elle s'est mariée en 1979 avec un ressortissant algérien qui vit en Algérie. Elle a des attaches en Algérie : sa mère est vivante, son père est décédé en 1958. Elle a un frère et une sœur qui résident en Algérie. Les parents du mari sont...
Do you think Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22 was correctly decided by the House of Lords?
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit pénal
On the 3rd May 2001, the House of Lords gave their judgment to Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22. By overruling a previous decision of the Court of Appeal; Trotman v North Yorkshire County Council [1999] LGR 584. The House of Lords widened the scope of vicarious liability to include acts...
