Introduction to the Challenges of European and French Law in Legal Informatics
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit européen
The " new technologies " which appeared thirty years ago and are characterized by a considerable development are subject to fundamental legal questions. The definition of new technologies remains vague and includes the information and communication technologies. The information and communication...
L'Alien Tort Statute : un instrument controversé pour engager la responsabilité internationale devant les juridictions civiles américaines
Étude de cas - 11 pages - Droit international
L'Alien Tort Statute, également appelé Alien Tort Claim Act ou Alien Tort Act par la doctrine et la jurisprudence, fut adopté par le premier Congrès américain le 24 septembre 1789 en tant que partie intégrante du Federal Judiciary Act . Il est actuellement transposé à la...
Conditions of detention and "other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments"
Dissertation - 10 pages - Libertés publiques
On March 6, 2006, Alain Grignard, the deputy head of the Brussels police anti-terrorism unit declared on his return from a visit to Guantanamo-Bay with Anne-Marie Lizin, chair of the Belgian Senate: "At the level of detention facilities, it is a model prison, where people are better treated than...
Can constitutional courts be characterized as policy makers?
Étude de cas - 8 pages - Droit de la concurrence
The theme of political role of judges is an old one in the literature of democratic countries. Indeed, Alexis de Tocqueville already tackled the “political importance” of the courts in his famous Democracy in America (1835). The reason is that there is inevitably, in modern democracies,...
Crime and euthanasia
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit pénal
According to the dictionary, a crime is an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon conviction. We can also consider that a crime is a deviant behavior that violates prevailing norms and cultural standards that...
Women's difference in Law : essay on gender discrimination and Legal Equality
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit autres branches
In this document I will try to define the so-called differences between men and women, and see how they have been used to justify the discrimination against women. Secondly, I will analyze cases where gender differences are denied or not considered as strong enough to legitimate discrimination...
The ninth amendment: origins and controversy
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Select one amendment from the Bill of Rights and research why the Founding Fathers found it necessary to state it, and explain what had happened in England or Europe that brought about that amendment? Remember that we were a colony of England's for over one hundred years before the...
Torture in America: Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo scandals (2008)
Dissertation - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Nowadays, torture is universally condemned by states, but it is also carried out by them. In most cases, the act of inflicting severe pain - as punishment or revenge, as a means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer cruelty- takes place in secret. However, that secrecy is...
"The concept of the Rule of Law as defined by Dicey still remains valid : it provides a measure against which we can judge the attitudes and actions of Parliament, Government and the courts"
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The rule of law is often expounded as a pillar of the English Constitution. It was described by Lord Bingham as "the second great rock on which [Dicey?s] constitutional edifice was founded". It was referred to as a statute for the first time, in the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, as an...
The principle of direct effect.
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The principle of direct effect is fundamental in community law. It means that Community law can directly create or confer rights or obligations towards individuals, who could, in particular conditions, evoke directly effective community law before their national courts. There are two...
Comparison betwenn French and English Constitution
Fiche - 4 pages - Droit international
Document: Dissertation en anglais sur la comparaison entre la Constitution française et la Constitution britannique. Assignment in english on the comparison between the french Constitution and the english one. Extrait: In the preamble of the current french constitution, we can find a formula...
« The effective application of European Union law has been ensured through the development of two key concepts by the European Court of Justice : firstly the supremacy of Community rules and secondly the mechanism of direct effect. » Discuss
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
According to Steiner, Woods & Twigg-Flesner, the ECJ, by interpreting the Treaties, gave direct effect and supremacy a common objective 'in the ECJ's approach: the need to ensure the effectiveness of Community law. [...] The Community would not survive if States were free to act...
L'instrumentalisation du concept humanitaire à la lumière du cas du Kosovo
Étude de cas - 52 pages - Droit international
« Lorsqu'un gouvernement (...) viole les droits de l'humanité, par des excès de cruauté et d'injustice qui blessent profondément nos moeurs et notre civilisation, le droit d'intervention est légitime. Car, quelque respectable que soient les droits de souveraineté et...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by death without...
Should trials be public? - A discussion
Thèse - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Regarding judicial process, every lawmaker has to choose between two forms of logic: a trial should either be secretly conducted in order to protect privacy, a fair investigation and especially the presumption of innocence, or the procedure should be made public to ensure public information,...
Community and the French constitution
Thèse - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
This quotation makes truly central the question of the relations between Community Law and national laws. Community Law enjoys the privilege of primacy over national laws, as a result of the Costa judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1964. In contrast with ordinary international...
Jury selection in the United States of America
Dissertation - 6 pages - Procédure pénale
In the United States, when a trial takes place, it begins with the jury selection, which is the process whereby, according to law and precedent, members of a particular trial jury are chosen. The right to have a jury dates from the Magna Carta and it is incorporated in the Sixth Amendment...
Criminology and criminal justice system
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit pénal
This paper will discuss the following statement:"According to the White Paper Justice for All, the Government has succeeded in increasing prison capacity by 18 per cent, and has improved conditions inside prisons. £20 million has been invested to boost prisoners' learning facilities, and a...
The Whistleblowers Protection under US Law
Dissertation - 1 pages - Droit civil
It is important to understand what whistleblower means. According to the dictonary - "A whistleblower is a person who alleges misconduct". Whistleblowers may report the misconduct to the lawyers, the media or state or federal agencies. In France everyone knows that this process can be extremely...
Trade Unions in the United-States
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
The twentieth century witnessed major evolutions in the American workplace, from mass production, to automation, and all the way to the digital economy we know now. Workers' lives have evolved similarly, mostly gaining from the benefits during the century. American workers mostly have their...
Le débat sur la réforme et / ou la suppression de la Chambre des Lords
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit constitutionnel
La Chambre des Lords constitue la Chambre haute du Parlement britannique. Elle est historiquement composée de trois « catégories ». On distingue les pairs à vie, nommés par la Reine sous le titre de baron ou baronne qui peuvent siéger à vie. Puis, on note la présence de pairs héréditaires qui...
Extrait consacré à l'Ecosse, Jacques Leruez
Commentaire de texte - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
A partir de 1072 a lieu une série de conflits à propos des frontières, et de controverses sur la question de la suzeraineté du Roi d'Angleterre sur les souverains écossais. La signature de l'acte d'union en 1707, malgré la dissolution du premier Parlement écossais, a permis à l'Ecosse de profiter...
English Legal System : The Administration of England and Wales
Cours - 93 pages - Droit autres branches
We'll study the administration of justice in England and Wales. Scotland has it's own courts and system. Civil and criminal justice have come close to each other. They must be treated separately because they are very different in particular in the point of view of appeals and the...
Concilier liberté de la presse et protection de la vie privée : Le critère d'intérêt public
Dissertation - 47 pages - Droit européen
Bogota: Mémoire de recherche de M2 Droit international et européen. Concilier liberté de la presse et protection de la vie privée : Le critère d'intérêt public. 60 pages Extrait: Droits de l'homme / Vie privée / Liberté de la presse / conciliation des droits La Cour de Strasbourg,...
La Grande Bretagne et le droit d'origine européenne - incompatibilités et intégration
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Le Royaume-Uni s'est progressivement intégré à la Communauté européenne puis à l'Union européenne. Si en 1957, date de la signature du Traité de Rome, Londres demeure à l'écart, elle fait acte de candidature en 1960. Cette candidature bute d'abord sur sa relation privilégiée avec le Commonwealth....
Constitutional and administrative law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The rule of law' is a system of rule in which the relationship between the State and the individual is governed by the law, protecting the individual from arbitrary state action.The rule of law is better understood by translating it into French as 'primauté du droit'. Since the...
Droit anglais - préjudice, bénéfice et punition
Cours - 81 pages - Droit international
Système de Common Law se développe après l'invasion des normands en Angleterre avec Guillaume Le Conquérant. Dès le 12ème siècle, émergence des sources de droit et juridiction de droit par l'établissement des juridictions royales qui ont instauré un système de droit commun à tout le...
Essay on the separation of powers in Europe - A comparative study
Dissertation - 23 pages - Droit européen
“Each country must find a solution which is sensitive to its domestic culture” …this is the position of Lord Irvine of Lairg on the separation of powers. This can be regarded as a politically correct position on a very discussed topic in that it does not take part in the animated...
Droit anglais des Contrats
Cours - 119 pages - Droit international
Document: Cours de Droit étranger: Droit Anglais Extrait: - Common Law (abrév. C/L) = les juges on façonné le droit a travers leur décisions. Le système juridique anglais est un système évolutive, crée par Guillaume le Conquérant en 1166 (roi français). Puisque c'est un system évolutive:...
The French Conseil Constitutionnel: In comparison with Constitutional Courts
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit constitutionnel
I believe that constitutional courts play a major role in legal systems. After the introduction of the 'Conseil Constitutionnel' in 1958, Louis Favoreu, a public law teacher, claimed, 'L'Etat de droit est désormais complet en France'. Indeed, it is often considered that...
