Le statut juridique des détenus de Guantanamo
Mémoire - 45 pages - Droit administratif
« Nous ne pouvons juger du degré de civilisation d'une nation qu'en visitant ses prisons ». Telle est la citation empruntée à DOSTÏEVSKI que F.BOLOPION utilise comme accroche à son ouvrage « Guantanamo, le bagne du bout du monde », écrit à la suite de sa visite à Guantanamo Bay, à Cuba, où sont...
Influence of media and legal institutions on one another
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
This essay aims at showing the necessary but dangerous interactivity existing between media and legal institutions: each of them need to be independent but in the same time they both need each other. The following pages will answer the subsequent problem: can legal institutions resist the media...
Discuss the use made by the European Court of Justice of Articles 10 and 249 EC (ex Articles 5 and 189) to increase the effectiveness of Community law for individuals
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
International Law, by its nature binds the State in its executive, legislative, and judicial activities, and no international tribunal would permit a respondent State to plead provisions of its law or constitutions as a defence to an alleged infringement of an international obligations. It...
"The State of exception" in France and the United Kingdom
Dissertation - 4 pages - Libertés publiques
The concept of state of exception belongs to the legal theory of Carl Schmitt. It is concerned by the state of emergencies based on the sovereign's ability to transcend the rule of law for or at least in the name of the public good. In the United Kingdom and France, the state of exception...
Can constitutional courts be characterized as policy makers?
Étude de cas - 8 pages - Droit de la concurrence
The theme of political role of judges is an old one in the literature of democratic countries. Indeed, Alexis de Tocqueville already tackled the “political importance” of the courts in his famous Democracy in America (1835). The reason is that there is inevitably, in modern democracies,...
The Constitutionalisation of the treaties by the ECJ: The theories of direct effect and supremacy from the perspective of the French courts
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
The Community has developed with an inexorable dynamism of enhanced supranationalism. As a result, it has first been ruled by general principles of public international law to become an interstate governmental structure "per se " ruled by a "Constitutional Charter? . The Constitutionalisation is...
Essay on restitution obligations throughout Europe
Dissertation - 18 pages - Droit européen
Restitutionary obligation is the response to unjust enrichment. Unjust Enrichment at the expense of another must be restituted in order to secure a corrective justice. On this very basis restitutionary, as opposed to compensation, aims to deprive the defendant of a gain rather than to...
Les mesures contre les personnes dangereuses aux États-Unis : le terrorisme et la récidive
Dissertation - 10 pages - Libertés publiques
Un projet de loi, baptisé "Anti-terrorism Act", fut déposé au Congrès des États-Unis quelques jours après les attentats. Il s'agissait d'un projet dense de cent vingt pages, comprenant des centaines de renvois. On peut donc légitimement douter que le texte ait réellement été rédigé à la...
A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
This document concerns the detention of suspected terrorist suspects who are non-British nationals. In the context of a world which is more alert to security in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the Government reacted with new laws. However, these laws need to be tempered with age old principles of...
Essay on human rights
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit international
"Imagine that you are creating a fabric of human destiny with the object of making men happy in the end [...], but that it was essential and inevitable to torture to death only one tiny creature [...], would you consent to be the architect on those conditions?". There, Fyodor Dostoevsky asked...
Human rights - Beyond the universalistic / relativistic paradigm: how to promote a common and cultural-sensitive approach ofmoral principles
Dissertation - 14 pages - Libertés publiques
This article underlines the limitations of the relativistic/universalistic paradigm in regard to the human rights qualification. It defends a third path which consists in a genuine intercultural dialogue, taking into account local specificities in order to promote common moral principles....
Constitutional law applicable in the Anglo-Saxon - parliamentary sovereignty
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
One of the key characteristics of British Constitution is the dominance of the Parliament. The Parliament is the main legislative body in British Constitution. It is bicameral; and is composed of two chambers, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The main functions of the Parliament are...
Post-Conflict Justice in Rwanda
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Between April and July 1994, one of the largest atrocities of the 20th century occurred: the genocide of 800 000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus during the civil war in Rwanda. The country was inhabited by around 8 million people. This emphasizes the massive aspect of these slaughters. When the RPF...
The application of the European Arrest Warrant in the United Kingdom and its use in the fight against terrorism.
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is a judicial decision issued by a Member State with a view to the arrest and surrender by another Member State of a requested person, for the purposes of conducting a criminal prosecution or executing a custodial sentence or detention order.' The EAW...
The President of the European Council
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
After years of ungoing debate over the need - or not- of a European presidency, on November 19th, the European Union Heads of State or Government elected unanimously the first stable and permanent President of the European Council, under the Treaty of Lisbon entering into force two weeks later....
To what degree does the Supreme Court have a 'political' role? And in what 'political' direction have the most recent courts taken the Supreme Court?
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit international
The judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous' in the department of power. This opinion, formulated by Alexander Hamilton in the Federalist papers, relies on a restrictive vision of the role of judges, considered as 'mouths of the law'. According...
NAFTA Dispute Settlement
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit des affaires
This paper illustrates the tensions inherent to the North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA dispute settlement mechanism. They also underline the difficulties encountered to establish a proper balance between two legitimate and contradictory interests, namely the protection of investors'...
How do the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy fulfil the criteria of Lijphart's 'majoritarian' and 'consensus' models of democracies?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit constitutionnel
This essay will attempt to analyse the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy thanks to Lijphart's work Democracy (1984). Lijphart classifies the ‘majoritarian' model (or ‘Westminster model') and the ‘consensual model', in function of specific...
The U.S. supreme court: powers and limits
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit international
Article III of the United States Constitution was the first to provide for a federal judiciary, namely the Supreme Court. The power of this Court was detailed and enshrined in the Constitution by the Founding Fathers. However, its authority has since been widely extended by the power of judicial...
To fight against any sort of discrimination, could and should all workers be treated equally?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
Gender, age, ethnic background, sexual orientation, religion, family life and private matters do play an important part at work although they should not. Recruitment processes, salaries, the daily routine at the work office, are all places where workers should be considered equals but are in fact...
Misrepresentation in Contract Law
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit des obligations
Jemma, was a restaurant owner. She decided to shift from London to the countryside. In order to execute this move, she attended an auction in Borehampton with an idea of purchasing ?lot 69.' This ?lot 69' is described in the auctioneers' catalogue as ?a perfect development...
Les relations du premier ministre et du Parlement au Royaume-Uni, constantes et évolutions ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
En 2007, Tony Blair est contraint de démissionner de son poste de premier ministre, car il est accusé de se prendre pour un chef d'Etat et non un chef de gouvernement, c'est-à-dire de ne pas assez écouter les membres de son Cabinet ni du Parlement. La presse le qualifie même de « Président Blair...
La Constitution de la Yougoslavie sous le régime de Tito (1943 - 1980)
Étude de cas - 15 pages - Droit constitutionnel
L'invasion par les troupes italiennes, allemandes et japonaises en avril 1941 et la capitulation du Royaume de Yougoslavie le 17 avril 1941 mettent fin au régime gouverné par le Régent depuis la mort du souverain dans un attentat. Deux mouvements émergent alors de la résistance yougoslave,...
Le nouveau cadre institutionnel européen. Etude du Traité établissant une constitution pour l'Europe (2004)
Mémoire - 101 pages - Droit européen
Après plusieurs mois de négociation entre les Etats membres, le Traité établissant une Constitution pour l'Europe fut signé à Rome le 29 octobre 2004 par les représentants respectifs des 25 Etats de l'Union. Nul ne sait aujourd'hui si ce Traité entrera un jour en vigueur, les peuples...
The judiciary in the US political system
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The Constitution provides that federal judges, including judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, are appointed by the President "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." In 1803, the power of Judicial Review in the U.S. Supreme Court was established with the case Marbury v....
Qu'est-ce que le droit constitutionnel ? - publié le 08/10/2013
Cours - 140 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Droit = ensemble de règles, normes édictées par des personnes ayant une aptitude légalement admise pour poser des règles à ceux auxquels elles sont destinées. Les règles composant le droit sont source de droit et d'obligations pour les destinataires de ces règles. Les règles de droit sont...
Les différents droits administratifs européens
Cours - 120 pages - Droit administratif
Est-ce que le droit comparé existe ? Non, il n'existe pas puisqu'il n'est appliqué nulle part. Il s'agit d'une construction intellectuelle qui utilise une expression assez ambiguë : il s'agit en fait de la comparaison des droits et des institutions. Si on parle de droit...
L'initiative parlementaire
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit constitutionnel
La Constitution de 1958 a donné à l'exécutif la liberté de gouverner conformément aux idées de Mr Debré en 1945. Le gouvernement a aujourd'hui le quasi monopole législatif par la réduction de l'initiative parlementaire et la limitation de son champ (Articles 34 et 37 de la...
