Comment la Cour suprême réussit-elle à gérer l'exercice de ses compétences et l'imposition de son propre pouvoir ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Placée au sommet de cette pyramide des pouvoirs, la Cour suprême est, dans une large mesure, issue du caractère fédéral américain. Par suite, dissemblable à l'organisation juridique française, cette Cour concentre la totalité des prérogatives et des pouvoirs entre les mains de neufs juges...
En quoi la Constitution est-elle nécessaire à l'État ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"Une bonne Constitution ne peut suffire à faire le bonheur d'une Nation. Une mauvaise peut suffire à faire son malheur" disait Guy Carcassonne. Cette citation fait apparaître l'importance de la Constitution dans un État, elle en conditionne la conduite. Le mot État, du latin status...
Protection of homosexual rights by the European Court of Justice and influence of its decisions in member states' national legal order.
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit européen
The institutionalization of Europe was done in favor of the protection of liberty and human rights. But, is this protection effective for sexual minorities and more precisely for homosexual community? In January 18th 2006, the Parliament of Europe adopted a resolution on homophobia. This measure...
La citoyenneté européenne
Cours - 4 pages - Droit européen
Les articles 20 à 25 du traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne prévoient les dispositions relatives à la citoyenne européenne. Pour en bénéficier, il est prévu qu'il faut d'abord bénéficier de la nationalité d'un État membre. Cependant, ce principe n'est pas...
La fonction du Congrès des États-Unis - En quelle mesure les fonctions exercées par le Congrès ont-elles été préservées depuis 1789 ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Pas de taxation sans représentation, s'indignent les colons américains du milieu du XVIIIe siècle lorsque la métropole décide d'augmenter les taxes visant des denrées qui proviennent d'Amérique. Ces colons n'ont alors pas de représentant officiel au Parlement et la défense de...
De quelle manière s'organise l'élection du président des Etats-Unis ?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
On peut distinguer les modes de scrutin majoritaire des modes de scrutin à la proportionnelle. Aux États-Unis, le suffrage universel indirect est utilisé en pratique. Des représentants élus par les citoyens américains permettront avec la majorité des suffrages d'élire un président....
Comment garantir l'équilibre entre la nécessité d'assurer la sécurité et l'ordre public en période de crise et le respect des libertés fondamentales ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Libertés publiques
« L'état d'urgence est une mesure prise par le gouvernement en temps de crise et qui, en vertu de son caractère exceptionnel, peut avoir un impact significatif sur les libertés fondamentales. » - Maurice Duverger, "Les régimes politiques français", 1970. Cette citation de l'éminent...
Commentaire d'arrêt : Mary Carpenter contre Secretary of State for the Home Department, C-60/00
Commentaire d'arrêt - 11 pages - Droit européen
La libre prestation de service constitue une des quatre libertés garanties par le Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne (TCE). Considérée dans les articles 49 et suivants, elle consiste à fournir des services moyennant rémunération. Comme les autres libertés, elle est protégée par la Cour...
L'évolution du droit public, Une survivance : la notion de Constitution - Georges Burdeau (1956)
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"La Constitution est un document qui protège le peuple du gouvernement", Ronald Reagan. Cette citation montre bien que la Constitution doit être un organe central dans un pays. On étudie ici un texte de Georges Burdeau. Ce grand juriste français expert en sciences politiques nous exprime dans ce...
Dans quelle mesure peut-on affirmer la relativité de la notion de reconnaissance de la qualité étatique en droit international public ?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
L'intérêt du sujet repose avant tout dans l'étude de la relativité de la qualité étatique et du rapport de cette dernière à la reconnaissance discrétionnaire des autres états ainsi que des organisations internationales sous l'angle du droit international public. En effet, en vues de...
"The O'Connor Court: America's most powerful Jurist" by Jeffrey Rosen
Fiche de lecture - 5 pages - Droit international
This is an article written by Jeffrey Rosen, who is a law professor. It's a slightly critics article in which he tries to show the advantages Justice O'Connor brought to the Court and it also strongly criticizes her decision-making process, her view of the Court in general, he...
The common law jury through the example of England and the United States
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
In the common law countries, the jury takes a more prominent part in the judicial process than in the romano-civilist countries. The roots of the common law jury are archaic, but it has managed to survive, and to a considerable extent to thrive. In many common law countries, the right to trial by...
A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
This document concerns the detention of suspected terrorist suspects who are non-British nationals. In the context of a world which is more alert to security in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the Government reacted with new laws. However, these laws need to be tempered with age old principles of...
Trade Unions in the United-States
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
The twentieth century witnessed major evolutions in the American workplace, from mass production, to automation, and all the way to the digital economy we know now. Workers' lives have evolved similarly, mostly gaining from the benefits during the century. American workers mostly have their...
International law and normative unity
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
In the Supreme Court of Canada's 1993 judgment in Hunt v. T & N Plc, Justice La Forest laid down the following goal to international law : “develop (…) co-ordination in the face of [the] diversity” of the international system. In other words, international law has to reconcile the...
From Russia with Love: Lessons of the Noga arbitration case
Mémoire - 20 pages - Droit international
Globalization is the new buzz word and the lingua franca of international business. With the numerous advantages flowing through globalization, this new process is taking a new shape by getting more critical and unyielding. To elucidate further on its uphill spin, an onlooker can observe its...
Vienna Convention on consular relations
Commentaire d'arrêt - 9 pages - Droit international
THE HAGUE, 10 March 2005. Today the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, delivered its Judgment in the case concerning Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America). On 3 April 1998, the Republic of Paraguay...
English Legal System : The Administration of England and Wales
Cours - 93 pages - Droit autres branches
We'll study the administration of justice in England and Wales. Scotland has it's own courts and system. Civil and criminal justice have come close to each other. They must be treated separately because they are very different in particular in the point of view of appeals and the...
An evaluation of the harmonised treatment of unfair commercial practices
Étude de cas - 17 pages - Droit autres branches
The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC (referred to as “the Directive”) has been adopted by the European Parliament and the Council on May 11th 2005 following the Commission's Green Paper on Consumer Protection of the European Union (EU)which set the grounds for the...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation - The slavery issue and the conflict of laws
Dissertation - 6 pages - Histoire du droit
In the field of the conflict of laws, slavery is often perceived as the most difficult question which the courts had to face. Indeed, it is hard to have an indifferent view on the issue, as it involves matters of philosophical, humanitarian, moral, political and economic considerations, which...
Principles and Practices of Consumer's Protection within the European Union
Dissertation - 19 pages - Droit européen
The objective of the European Union is to protect the health, safety and the economic well-being of its citizens. In this regard, it is the responsibility of the EU to promote the right to information, help in safeguarding the interests and encourage the member states to set up consumer...
International human rights law - publié le 18/12/2005
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Today, various international instruments allow for the protection and respect of human rights. Thus, the International Bill of Rights is the basis composed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the two subsequent International Covenants of 1966. The United Nations, which is...
Discuss the use made by the European Court of Justice of Articles 10 and 249 EC (ex Articles 5 and 189) to increase the effectiveness of Community law for individuals
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
International Law, by its nature binds the State in its executive, legislative, and judicial activities, and no international tribunal would permit a respondent State to plead provisions of its law or constitutions as a defence to an alleged infringement of an international...
Theory of direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Born into the International order, the European Community law can touch people only through the juridical order of its Member State. Therefore arises the question about the relationship between EC law and domestic law. The EC law concerns much more directly individuals than the...
Regulations: Direct applicability and Direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Article 249 of the European Community Treaty provides that Regulations shall be directly applicable in all Member States. Does this mean that they are also necessarily directly effective? As notices Josephine Steiner , this question is of paramount concern to EC lawyers. If a provision of...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
The role of the ECJ's (European Court of Justice) : the consumer who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit européen
The legal term of the “average consumer” was created by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to protect the average consumer against unfair commercial practises. After the Second War World, many states were indeed inspired by Keynes's theory that aimed at division of resources...
Critically consider Thomas Franck's argument about an emerging right to democratic governance in international law with particular reference to the recent Palestinian elections returning a Hamas governing authority
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit constitutionnel
“Democratic tradition involves a richly evolving collection of diverse beliefs, processes and structures that are neither easily characterized in concise terms nor summarized in a single systematic philosophy of governance” . The complexity of democratic governance could not be better...
Critically assess the legal basis and context of the European arrest warrant
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
In the olden days, Europe was a place where there were fewer barriers economically, politically and socially. Everything moved freely: stocks, goods, people and also criminals. To strike a balance between freedom and security, some measures had to be taken. The framework decision defines...
Fundamental freedom of EU: Free movement of persons from associate countries.
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
Free movement of goods, workers (human capital), services and capital constitute as the fundamental elements of the European Community and the European Union (EU). The above elements play a major role in achieving the objectives of the European Union as mentioned in the Article 2 of the EC Treaty...
