"The State of exception" in France and the United Kingdom
Dissertation - 4 pages - Libertés publiques
The concept of state of exception belongs to the legal theory of Carl Schmitt. It is concerned by the state of emergencies based on the sovereign's ability to transcend the rule of law for or at least in the name of the public good. In the United Kingdom and France, the state of exception...
International Criminal Court
Cours - 19 pages - Droit international
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the only independent and permanent court which deals with the most serious crimes committed by people, which are genocide, crime of aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The ICCs based on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by death without...
English legal system: the Sources of English Law
Cours - 87 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The judicial decisions are the first to be found to develop a system. Today, they are still influencing the system as a whole. Judicial decisions have a weight that their continental counter part does not have. In England, under certain requirements, decisions are biding the judge with the...
Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States
Mémoire - 25 pages - Droit européen
Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via the European Community (EC)....
Plessy Vs Ferguson, 1896
Commentaire d'arrêt - 5 pages - Libertés publiques
Slavery was 'politically' abolished during the Civil War in 1863 by the 'Emancipation Proclamation' of President Lincoln, who used his formal powers in order to deprave the south of its first source of income. This was rather a pragmatic declaration than a real...
The role of the ECJ's (European Court of Justice) : the consumer who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit européen
The legal term of the “average consumer” was created by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to protect the average consumer against unfair commercial practises. After the Second War World, many states were indeed inspired by Keynes's theory that aimed at division of resources...
Judicial Power: A third and co-equal branch, judicial review and independence
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
In the Constitution, the Supreme Court's specificity finds its origin in the adaptation of the British Common Law's legacy to the American federalism. And, the law's superiority or the 'Rule of Law' implies a strong Judicial System. Indeed, the United States seems to consider...
Anglais juridique - Les institutions britanniques
Cours - 40 pages - Droit autres branches
Ce document contient un cours d'anglais juridique destiné à des élèves de licence en droit.
Can constitutional courts be characterized as policy makers?
Étude de cas - 8 pages - Droit de la concurrence
The theme of political role of judges is an old one in the literature of democratic countries. Indeed, Alexis de Tocqueville already tackled the “political importance” of the courts in his famous Democracy in America (1835). The reason is that there is inevitably, in modern democracies,...
Comparison betwenn French and English Constitution
Fiche - 4 pages - Droit international
Document: Dissertation en anglais sur la comparaison entre la Constitution française et la Constitution britannique. Assignment in english on the comparison between the french Constitution and the english one. Extrait: In the preamble of the current french constitution, we can find a formula...
The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
The Preamble of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) first recognizes serious crimes committed in the 20th Centur. It refers directly to genocides and crimes against humanity committed all around the world in the past century. As recent examples of those terrible tragedies,...
Are democracies more peaceful ?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
in his book, "De la democratie en Amérique", the french Alexis de Toqueville wrote "Democratic people wish naturally peace". The idea that democracies are not war-prone is a pretty old one but the idea that democracies don't make war to each other is even older. The philosopher...
To what degree does the Supreme Court have a 'political' role? And in what 'political' direction have the most recent courts taken the Supreme Court?
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit international
The judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous' in the department of power. This opinion, formulated by Alexander Hamilton in the Federalist papers, relies on a restrictive vision of the role of judges, considered as 'mouths of the law'....
Critically appraise the implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in the UK.
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit européen
Very soon, the Parliament has elaborated texts in order to protect rights of individuals and to fight against the discretionary and excessive powers of the Monarchy. So, certain fundamental texts as the Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights and Habeas Corpus were adopted. It was the beginning of...
To what extent does the history of Community competition law mirror the history of the Community itself ?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
To evaluate how community competition law reflects the integration process and the history of the Community in general, I shall demonstrate in a first part that community competition law was first strongly influenced by the development of the Union, then I shall explain why it is now facing heavy...
The clash of universalisms, Corporate abuses of human rights and international corporate responsibility
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit international
Economic History is a discipline not so distant from Law when it comes to understanding the complexity of relations mingling with the power of National States expressed by their faculty of producing law within a territory, and that of commercial enterprises. French economic historian...
The evolution of human rights enforcement
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit international
The end of the second world conflict has set the beginning of the institutionalization of Human Rights at a world scale: the previous events have indeed made most of the country think about a way to reach a world consensus about basic rights that each single human being could expect to be given...
The difficult application of canadian criminal law in Nunavut
Thèse - 57 pages - Droit international
With its creation in 1999, the new territory of Nunavut hoped to solve the social and economical problems it was facing. For the second time in the history of the Poles, indigenous people were given the right by the government to decide their future. The first Inuit to be recognized were the...
Is the European integration a threat to the UK's sovereignty or rather to the UK's exceptional position?
Thèse - 2 pages - Droit européen
After World War II, Winston Churchill called for an European integration, with cooperation between France and Germany. For Britain, there was no place in this structure, as Britain was not only a country but a world power like the USA and the USSR at that time. Sixty years later,...
Courts, unelected tyrants and public forums
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
In 2000, during the American presidential elections, the role of the Supreme Court was highly contested. Indeed, it consists of a majority of judges appointed by republican presidents and it decided to stop counting the voices manually in contested towns in Florida and George Bush won the...
Common land ownership in Scotland
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit autres branches
This essay was largely inspired by the working papers of Andy Wightman, Robin Callander, Graham Boyd and James Perman. James Perman is a Chartered Accountant from Largs. Andy Wightman, Robin Callander and Graham Boyd are independent authors and researchers who work together on occasion through...
Le Congrès et le président des Etats-Unis (2004/2005)
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Parmi les institutions politiques états-uniennes (présidence, cour Suprême...) le Congrès avait à l'origine une place prééminente dans la vie institutionnelle et politique, on était là dans une logique confédérale voire fédéralisante. Ensuite le rôle présidentiel va progressivement...
General principles of the Canadian constitutional law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
As a former member of the British Empire, Canada has been widely influenced by certain aspects of the English law. The Canadian parliamentary system finds its origins in the British institutions that were settled after the conquest of 1760 and more particularly with the 1791 constitutional...
English Legal System : The Administration of England and Wales
Cours - 93 pages - Droit autres branches
We'll study the administration of justice in England and Wales. Scotland has it's own courts and system. Civil and criminal justice have come close to each other. They must be treated separately because they are very different in particular in the point of view of appeals and the...
English legal system
Fiche - 15 pages - Droit international
Document: English legal system, cours de 25 pages en anglais Extrait: There is a difference between Englan and Britain. So why not british legal system? There is a question of english speaking countries. In Wales there ie two languages : Walesh and english. The institutions use the two...
Droit public
Cours - 155 pages - Droit administratif
Le droit est aussi ancien que la vie en société : à partir du moment où les hommes sont entrés dans l'ère de l'existence collective, ils ont éprouvé le besoin de régler leurs rapports. Depuis, l'époque primitive, le droit a subi de profondes mutations : la diversification des règles suit en effet...
CAVEJ M1 Cours Anglais juridique
Cours - 120 pages - Droit autres branches
So now, let's examine what is a contract at English law. Before we actually go into the details of the characteristics of English contracts, it is necessary to define what precisely a contract is. Essentially, in English law, a contract is an agreement between two or more parties that the...
Regulating the private military industry (Insight into an incomplete framework)
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit international
In his farewell address to the American people, President Dwight Eisenhower warned the nation to be wary of the military-industrial relationship. Less than 50 years later public attention is once again directed to this relationship due to the unequalled privatization of the conflict in Iraq. The...
