What are the main differences between the civil and the common law systems ?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The majority of legal authors divide the legal systems of the world into two mains groups : the common law on one hand, and the civil law on the other hand . The most interesting is that when you try to find definitions for those words, you often find the basic definition, and then,...
The role of domestic courts as guardians of the European Convention on Human Rights and the role of the European Court of Human Rights as "ultimate guardian of the Convention"
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit autres branches
As the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe said, the European Convention on Human Rights has a fundamental role. It assures the protection of individuals and creates positive obligations for States to ensure such a protection on behalf of common values of the High Contracting...
Critically discuss the contributions of the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) movement to international legal scholarship
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
After the World War II and its atrocities, a new international institution, the United Nations (UN) was created in 1945 to focus on the new challenges faced by the international community. One of the major challenges was the wave of decolonization which started between the two World wars. It was...
The crime of genocide: a political crime under international law?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
On the 7th of December, the Chief Prosecutor of the ICC, Dr. Luis Moreno-Ocampo evoked the fact that genocide trial is no more a political decision and then he explained the necessity to convince the Security Council of the United Nations (which is obviously a political entity) to support...
There is no sense in maintaining different rules for tracing at law and in equity. One set of tracing rules is enough
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit des affaires
In the administration of a trust, the trustee is the one that assumes a range of duties and responsibilities. When a breach of trust occurs, the trustee might be liable for both acts of omission and commission. There are several ways a beneficiary can pursue remedies for a breach of duty on the...
International human rights law
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit autres branches
The right to life has been interpreted as both permitting exceptions and imposing obligations with regard to the death penalty. Discuss. Through centuries, religions and philosophies have strongly condemned the act of killing human life. The extend of states violence during the Second World War...
Report on the possible effects of the new European treaty focusing on monetary union on our business
Fiche - 3 pages - Droit européen
The Union objective is price stability, European sustained development and is based on a balanced growth economy. One of the Union's symbols is the official euro currency. 'EU promotes economic, political integration of Europe through a common currency, freedom of movement between...
Human rights - Beyond the universalistic / relativistic paradigm: how to promote a common and cultural-sensitive approach ofmoral principles
Dissertation - 14 pages - Libertés publiques
This article underlines the limitations of the relativistic/universalistic paradigm in regard to the human rights qualification. It defends a third path which consists in a genuine intercultural dialogue, taking into account local specificities in order to promote common moral principles....
The fundamental constitutional principles of the British constitution
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The fundamental constitutional principles of the British constitution are: -The rule of Law -The separation of powers In basic terms, the rule of law is the supremacy of law other humankind. As early as the 4th Before Christ (BC), Aristotle a great philosopher...
"The concept of the Rule of Law as defined by Dicey still remains valid : it provides a measure against which we can judge the attitudes and actions of Parliament, Government and the courts"
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The rule of law is often expounded as a pillar of the English Constitution. It was described by Lord Bingham as "the second great rock on which [Dicey?s] constitutional edifice was founded". It was referred to as a statute for the first time, in the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, as an...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation - The slavery issue and the conflict of laws
Dissertation - 6 pages - Histoire du droit
In the field of the conflict of laws, slavery is often perceived as the most difficult question which the courts had to face. Indeed, it is hard to have an indifferent view on the issue, as it involves matters of philosophical, humanitarian, moral, political and economic considerations,...
Three Case Studies of Business Law
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit des affaires
In the first situation, we can identify three main issues. First of all, the order arrived a few days late. Then the Buyer asserts that the MP3 Players were damaged by moisture by the ship's hull. These two problems are linked to each other: the Buyers wants us to cut the sell price from...
Compare natural law and legal positivist accounts of legal validity. Which is more convincing?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
What is law? What a controversial and complex question! It is the raison d‘être of the philosophy of law, over many years, which is aim to understand the generals conditions which would render any putative norm legally valid. Does legal validity lie in the norm's content or...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation What is comity?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Comity, first referred to as comitas gentium by Ulrich Huber in the 17th Century, literally translates to courtesy of people. It provides, in fact with an intellectual and legal justification, the recognition of a foreign law by a sovereign state without weakening the sovereignty of the...
Le juge aux États-Unis - la "common law" et la "roman law"
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Les observateurs extérieurs au droit des États-Unis ne le connaissent parfois que par le biais des représentations filmiques et télévisées. Ainsi, il n'est souvent pas nécessaire d'être juriste américain pour connaître le fameux droit de garder le silence qui revient à celui que l'on arrête. De...
Competition law - publié le 08/03/2007
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
The area of EC Competition Law has experienced major structural and substantial changes over the past two decades. The last decade of reforms of EC Competition Law is often cited as the « modernisation process » . Since competition rules always apply to a « market », this notion...
Propriété réelle et propriété personnelle en Common law
Dissertation - 12 pages - Propriété intellectuelle
« Le droit des biens (…) présente à presque tous les points de vue un contraste marqué avec le reste du droit. Plus que partout ailleurs, nous semblons bouger dans un monde d'idées pures dont est entièrement exclu tout ce qui est physique et matériel ». Lorsque Barry Nicholas eut à donner...
The distribution of power an its future evolution in the European decision making institutions
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
How is the power shared in the main European decision making institutions and how will it change with the near enlargement and the ratification of new institutional treaties? This paper analyzes the distribution of power in the European Commission, the Council of Ministers and the...
International business laws, fictive case
Étude de cas - 22 pages - Droit des affaires
In the report, we should keep in mind the future international development of PI and its necessary entry in stock exchange. Considering the data, we could say that PI has to penetrate the international market by considering different laws and juridictions. Even if the KU is a corrupted...
Treasure trove in English Common law
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit civil
In English Law, there is an uneasy distinction between a category of fixtures and chattels. According to Kevin Gray & Susan Francis Gray, the difference between fixtures and chattels is that fixtures are "physical objects which are regarded as acceding to the realty" in opposition with...
Law making procedure in India
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Under the parliamentary form of government adopted by the constitution of India, the function of making law belongs to the legislature (art 107 -108). The law making procedure is a very important part of the democratic system. Indeed, it has to insure that the law passed does...
Parenthood in French law and filiation
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit de la famille
The purpose of this paper is first to understand French parenthood, namely the way to be the legal father or mother of a child. Investigating further, we will see whether the current legislation is modern enough or not, which will be our main question. Indeed, some scholars and politicians think...
The President of the European Council
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
After years of ungoing debate over the need - or not- of a European presidency, on November 19th, the European Union Heads of State or Government elected unanimously the first stable and permanent President of the European Council, under the Treaty of Lisbon entering into...
To what extent judicial intuitionism affects the judge's legal reasoning in Common Law?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
The recent nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor by President Obama sparked once again the political debate on the objectivity of the appointed to the United States Supreme Court. Republicans, even though pretending to be unbiased, started to fear that this Obamanian judge would undermine President...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by...
The Protection of Geographical Indications in the European Union
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
According to the definition that can be found on the website of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a geographical indication (GI) is 'a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, reputation and characteristics that are essentially...
Conflict of laws, Exequature
Commentaire d'arrêt - 21 pages - Droit civil
Article 2412 of the civil code Difference between “exequatur” and “enforcement” even if it's the same etymology. Exequatur: suspensive effect CJCE, Deutsche Genossenschaft vs Soc. Brasserie du Pêcheur, 2 July 1985. CJCE, Hoffmann c. Krieg, 4 February 1988. The exequatur...
Choice of law by the arbitrator
Étude de cas - 3 pages - Droit autres branches
One of the main problems faced by the arbitrator when it comes to choice of law is the question of mandatory rules of law. A mandatory rule, as defined by Professor Mayer, refers to “an imperative provision of law which must be applied to an international relationship...
Les principes européanistes
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
Les principes européanistes constituent le coeur de la protection européenne des droits de l'homme. Il apparaît que les principes européanistes favorisent un équilibre entre l'accroissement de l'effectivité de la convention et le maintien de la liberté et de la souveraineté des Etats....
The European Institutions
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
The debates and referendums on the project of European Constitution will contribute greatly to give birth to a real European public opinion. The new generation of EU institutions will therefore have to serve not only the historic actors of the European construction -...
