The concept of electronic contracting under English common Law
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit des affaires
The internet and technology has provided a global marketplace and are being increasingly used for communications between businesses and by business to consumers. As e-commerce continues to grow at an increasing rate, a large number of transactions are being completed on time, particularly as...
International business law: the "Peach International Inc" case
Étude de cas - 10 pages - Droit international
The Peach International Company is a start-up specialized in the "high tech communications" domain. The firm deals with the ?higher level of technology' and specializes in the domain of "standard mobiles". The company provides phones that contain all the advantages of an actual mobile, such...
U.S. law - Examples and cases of violations of Article 82 (abuse of dominant position)
Fiche - 2 pages - Droit européen
Article 82 of the consolidated version of the 1997 EC Treaty, prohibits the abuse of dominance by one or more companies located in the EU or in a substantial part of it. In order to be considered, this abuse must affect trade between the member states. Article 82 is currently being reviewed by...
Confessing antitrust criminals: The art of juggling with carrots, sticks and transatlantic disturbances
Étude de cas - 15 pages - Droit autres branches
Fighting cartels is not an easy business to be in. Companies operating cartels are of course very much aware of the illegality of their conduct under the antitrust laws. For that reason, cartels are typically operated in secrecy and considerable efforts are devoted by the participants to...
Le principe de force obligatoire
Mémoire - 29 pages - Droit des obligations
Les notions de force obligatoire et de force contraignante sont parfois confondues, il apparaît nécessaire de les distinguer. Le Vocabulaire juridique de Gérard Cornu définit non le terme de « force contraignante » mais le terme « contraignante ». Il le définit comme l'exercice d'une contrainte...
La mise en oeuvre des recommandations du GAFI dans l'ordre juridique communautaire
Dissertation - 39 pages - Droit international
Devenue aujourd'hui un combat d'intérêt supérieur pour la communauté internationale, la lutte contre la délinquance financière est plus que jamais au cœur de l'actualité. A l'origine, elle visait essentiellement le blanchiment des capitaux illicites qui, selon le Fonds monétaire...
The clash of universalisms, Corporate abuses of human rights and international corporate responsibility
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit international
Economic History is a discipline not so distant from Law when it comes to understanding the complexity of relations mingling with the power of National States expressed by their faculty of producing law within a territory, and that of commercial enterprises. French economic...
Should the state restrict the right of individual to hunt?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
The claim is to prove that people who want to hunt need a restriction which should come from the state. Since the mists of time, human beings have been hunting. At the beginning, it was necessary to survive, to eat and to feed one's family. Nowadays, things have changed and to speak about...
The French Conseil Constitutionnel: In comparison with Constitutional Courts
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit constitutionnel
I believe that constitutional courts play a major role in legal systems. After the introduction of the 'Conseil Constitutionnel' in 1958, Louis Favoreu, a public law teacher, claimed, 'L'Etat de droit est désormais complet en France'. Indeed, it is often considered that...
CAVEJ L1 Anglais juridique
Cours - 222 pages - Droit autres branches
Wales remained a separate entity from England until the 16th century. Wales is composed of a number of principalities (principautés) with distinct characteristics. Those differences resulted in various conflicts until the middle Ages. Fortunately, in 1536, the Act of Union integrated together...
Right to life
Cours - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Over the centuries, the religions and philosophies of the whole world firmly followed the act of taking away human life. The international law of Human Rights tried in its turn to change this perspective with a number of treaties to protect human life against the arbitrary actions of...
The european integration process and the institutionalisation of integration
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
This first lecture deals with the different approaches that can be followed in order to study the European integration. We focus our attention on three different way of studying: 'disciplinary' approach, 'theoretical' approach and finally 'political' approach. The...
The consecration of the patient's autonomy
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit autres branches
Pain, suffering and death are to some extent, inevitable in human life, though Health care must always seek to eliminate unnecessary suffering and untimely death. But it is easy to recognise that prolonging the process of dying us often undesirable. The difficulty encountered by medical teams is...
Essay on restitution obligations throughout Europe
Dissertation - 18 pages - Droit européen
Restitutionary obligation is the response to unjust enrichment. Unjust Enrichment at the expense of another must be restituted in order to secure a corrective justice. On this very basis restitutionary, as opposed to compensation, aims to deprive the defendant of a gain rather than to compensate...
Duress and undue influence
Mémoire - 25 pages - Droit des affaires
"It is assumed that the parties know their own minds, that they are the best judges of their own needs and circumstances, that they will calculate the risks and future contingencies that are relevant, and that all these enter into the bargain. It follows that unfairness of the bargain - gross...
Joint ventures: constitutional problems
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit des affaires
The analysis in this document is sought to analyze and assess the problems of constitutional significance' in the field of ?joint ventures assessment' under EC competition law. Therefore, we shall hold a systematic chronological order of reasoning manifesting the complexities in...
Explain and discuss the effectiveness of the EC Treaty provisions concerning state aids in preventing distortions to the operation of the single market
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
As recognised by the EC Treaty, state aids are important and necessary policy instruments to achieve social and economic goals. However, depending on the way in which they are given, State aids can have a material impact on competition, leading to significant distortions to the common market. An...
The two equality directives of 2000: False-twins
Mémoire - 43 pages - Droit européen
2007, the “European Year of Equal Opportunities for All” in the European Union ended a few months ago, stressing on the question of the current anti-discrimination law in the Union. This initiative of the Commission took place in a general movement of the European Union toward a...
Introduction au droit social : les relations individuelles de travail
Cours - 25 pages - Droit du travail
Étymologiquement, le terme vient du latin tripalium (tripalius), désignant un instrument de torture à 3 poutres destiné aux esclaves. Il renvoie ainsi à la souffrance, la pénibilité du travail, la servitude, la subordination… Le contrat de travail se dénommait sous Napoléon "Contrat de...
Introduction au droit bancaire : nature et sources
Cours - 19 pages - Droit bancaire
Qu'est-ce que le droit bancaire ? C'est le droit qui régit l'activité bancaire. Mais que recouvre l'activité bancaire ? C'est l'activité qui consiste à permettre la circulation de la monnaie. Le visage du droit bancaire va en conséquence évoluer avec la forme que va...
The evolution of human rights enforcement
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit international
The end of the second world conflict has set the beginning of the institutionalization of Human Rights at a world scale: the previous events have indeed made most of the country think about a way to reach a world consensus about basic rights that each single human being could expect to be given...
From Russia with Love: Lessons of the Noga arbitration case
Mémoire - 20 pages - Droit international
Globalization is the new buzz word and the lingua franca of international business. With the numerous advantages flowing through globalization, this new process is taking a new shape by getting more critical and unyielding. To elucidate further on its uphill spin, an onlooker can observe its...
Copyright of employed persons' creations
Fiche - 11 pages - Droit autres branches
In Australia, the copyright law gives the creator or the author of a piece of writing the first ownership of copyright. In fact, section 35(2) of the Copyright Act 1968 provides that: "Subject to this section, the author of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is the owner of any...
Le travail à temps partiel en vertu de la législation polonaise du travail
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit européen
Part-time work is one of the most important forms of employment connected with the promotion of flexibility of working time. It relates to a wider phenomenon - the flexible, nearly free from labour law legal regulations, human resources management performed and modified according to the...
Le juge judiciaire doit-il accueillir la théorie de l'imprévision ?
Mémoire - 41 pages - Droit autres branches
« Peut-on encore aujourd'hui promettre un fait ou une abstention dans l'avenir, par définition non advenue ? » Hauriou, en 1910, dans la première édition de ses Principes de droit public, présente le contrat comme : « l'entreprise la plus hardie qui puisse se concevoir pour établir la...
Comparative study - sociological and legal perspective over the national and the EU policies in France, Sweden and Spain
Étude de cas - 13 pages - Droit européen
Professional immigration in France is organised in such a manner to complete the needs of companies and to be adapted to France's accommodation and working capacities, while taking into consideration economic situation in the country. France does not formally distinguish immigrants on the ground...
European Court of Justice, September 17, 2007 - Abuse of dominant positions
Commentaire d'arrêt - 6 pages - Droit de la concurrence
On September 17, 2007, the European Court of Justice issued a ruling concerning the litigation between Microsoft and The European Commission for anticompetitive behavior. It all started on December 10, 1998, when Sun Microsystems lodged a complaint with The European Commission arguing that...
Authors' rights in the Anglo-Saxon world
Dissertation - 8 pages - Propriété intellectuelle
The authors' rights are a very important problem of the modern economic world. The rules that regulate the authors' rights have always been created in the reaction of some social facts; they always have been late on the sociological and technical transformations. The first fundamental act...
Is the American Constitution the best in the world?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"We, the people of the United States,?do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America?. By these words starts the American Constitution. This document was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention, led by Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, and...
The protection of consumers on Internet
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit autres branches
The recent boom of the internet in Europe and the emergence of a new kind of commerce (e-commerce) led to a widening of the commercial offers that can be proposed to the consumers. Simultaneous with such an expansion in internet offering come the demand for online security regarding the rights...
