Judicial Power: A third and co-equal branch, judicial review and independence
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
In the Constitution, the Supreme Court's specificity finds its origin in the adaptation of the British Common Law's legacy to the American federalism. And, the law's superiority or the 'Rule of Law' implies a strong Judicial System. Indeed, the United States seems to consider...
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza case analysis
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
In the United Kingdom, where there is no written Constitution, the section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 has given the courts the prerogative to read and give effect to statutes “in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights ”. If it cannot be done so, the section 4(2)...
Le régime parlementaire britannique, une séparation souple des pouvoirs ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Le système politique britannique trouve ses origines parmi la Grande Charte de 1215, le Human Rights Act de 1998 et le Constitutional Reform Act de 2005. Le système britannique présente pour le droit constitutionnel beaucoup d'intérêts. Tout d'abord, c'est un phénomène...
The Constitutionalisation of the treaties by the ECJ: The theories of direct effect and supremacy from the perspective of the French courts
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
The Community has developed with an inexorable dynamism of enhanced supranationalism. As a result, it has first been ruled by general principles of public international law to become an interstate governmental structure "per se " ruled by a "Constitutional Charter? . The...
Implementation of European Law in a federal state: The Belgian case between coherence and autonomy
Fiche - 9 pages - Droit européen
‘Ultimately the impact of EU rules depends on the willingness and capacity of Member States authorities to ensure that they are transposed and enforced effectively and fully and on time' (Graver) . This statement from the European Commission in its White Paper on Governance deals with the...
European union law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
According to the European Court of Justice, the ability to review the legality of Community Acts is a part of "the complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions". Following article...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by death without...
La Chambre des Lords dans les institutions britanniques
Cours - 5 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Afin d‘administrer leur royaume et de rendre la justice, les rois d'Angleterre s'entourèrent d'un Grand Conseil, appelé Curia Regis et composé de nobles et d'évêques, qui prendra le nom de Chambre des Lords au XIVème siècle. Son autorité législative va aller en s'accroissant au cours des...
Law making procedure in India
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Under the parliamentary form of government adopted by the constitution of India, the function of making law belongs to the legislature (art 107 -108). The law making procedure is a very important part of the democratic system. Indeed, it has to insure that the law passed does not endanger the...
West Virginia vs. Barnette : the flag salute case
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
Refusal to salute the Flag shall be regarded as an act of insubordination' are the terms in which the Virginia statute let us see a beginning of answer to the questioning about the reasons why the State require a flag salute. Indeed, we understand that the real deal is between the...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
The codecision procedure
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
The article 251 of the European Community and the article 189 b of the European Treaty are the landmarks in European history, as they settled the co decision procedure and therefore put forward the European parliament. The European Parliament used to be the poor parent of the European...
Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois aux Etats Unis
Dissertation - 21 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Traitant des juges, Eugène V. Rostow déclare au début des années 1960 : « Leurs décisions peuvent ( … ) s'avérer, avec l'appui de la sagesse après coup, avoir été justes ou fausses, - une participation créative ou erronée d'un principe jusqu'alors insensé ». C'est ainsi que le contrôle de...
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit international
Following the American Civil Revolution, the federal government sought to grant protection of civil rights for those who have been neglected by it before: African Americans who have just been freed from slavery. This period was called the Reformation (between 1865 and 1877 when they tried to...
Privacy and surveillance society in the UK
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
"We live in a surveillance society ". This is the opening sentence of the Report on the Surveillance Society for the Information Commissioner published in September 2006. It states that Everyday life in the U.K. is monitored through the use of credit card, mobile phone, travel cards, loyalty card...
The Commission white paper on a European communication policy, an analysis of the conceptual and political issues at stake
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
While it symbolized the failure of national politicians, the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty by the French and Dutch citizens in the referendum of Spring 2005 left the European establishment under the shock: it was evident that both the continuous strengthening of the European...
The installation of a phone mast near a school
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit civil
Peter is single and is employed by the Lobby Group Ltd., a professional, "non-profit" company that acts as a general lobby group for industrialists. Last year he moved to live in a town close to his place of employment. He discovered that the local green field site, adjoining the village...
Death with dignity: press kit
Commentaire de texte - 12 pages - Droit autres branches
The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek words eu, meaning 'good' and thanatos, meaning 'death'. However, the issue of assisted suicide is far from being pleasant. The expression "assisted suicide" refers to the deliberate speeding up of the death process of a terminally ill...
Rompilla versus Beard
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit pénal
Rompilla v. Beard is a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States about effectiveness of the trial counsel. The case started with a murder matter. Rompilla is sentenced to death by the Court of Pennsylvania, for the murder of James Scanlon in 1988, committed by torture....
Consistence between the English Criminal Justice and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit pénal
The United Kingdom was one of the original parties to the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). States which contract into the ECHR are obliged to secure the enjoyment of Convention rights for their citizens. Sometimes positive actions may be required as creation,...
Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States
Mémoire - 25 pages - Droit européen
Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via the European Community (EC)....
Theory of direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Born into the International order, the European Community law can touch people only through the juridical order of its Member State. Therefore arises the question about the relationship between EC law and domestic law. The EC law concerns much more directly individuals than the international law....
Le débat sur la réforme et / ou la suppression de la Chambre des Lords
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit constitutionnel
La Chambre des Lords constitue la Chambre haute du Parlement britannique. Elle est historiquement composée de trois « catégories ». On distingue les pairs à vie, nommés par la Reine sous le titre de baron ou baronne qui peuvent siéger à vie. Puis, on note la présence de pairs héréditaires qui...
English Legal System : The Administration of England and Wales
Cours - 93 pages - Droit autres branches
We'll study the administration of justice in England and Wales. Scotland has it's own courts and system. Civil and criminal justice have come close to each other. They must be treated separately because they are very different in particular in the point of view of appeals and the...
How far, if at all, does it matter that the United Kingdom does not have a written constitution?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit européen
Today, the majority of states have written constitutions. It is generally seen as a prerequisite for any new state. They arise due to political events, such as the one formulated in 1793 consequent to the French Revolution. In a state with a written constitution, that one document is the supreme...
La Cour africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples
Mémoire - 105 pages - Droit international
Le concept des droits de l'homme a aujourd'hui trouvé sa place dans notre société pour définir les droits inaliénables, intransgressibles et intrinsèques que disposent les individus, indistinctement de leur race, sexe, religion, ethnie, entre autres. De l'antiquité à la période moderne, les...
UK and French legal system : structural and conception differences
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit civil
The governing laws and its legal system in France and the United Kingdom have major differences, as each of the legal systems have and are based on various views. France is governed by the Constitution of 1958. All the French laws are based on this text. In the United Kingdom, the laws are based...
La Constitution Anglaise
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit constitutionnel
La constitution matérielle définissant l'attribution et l'exercice des pouvoirs est un élément indispensable à la fondation d'une société politique, en tant qu'instrument de limitation du pouvoir des gouvernants et de protection des droits fondamentaux des gouvernés. L'immense...
Essay on human rights
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit international
"Imagine that you are creating a fabric of human destiny with the object of making men happy in the end [...], but that it was essential and inevitable to torture to death only one tiny creature [...], would you consent to be the architect on those conditions?". There, Fyodor Dostoevsky asked...
The situation of the European Union legal system with regard to international agreements
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
"The EU Member States may be divided into those whose legal order is monist and those whose legal order is dualist." In monist States, once an international agreement has been agreed to, its entering into force in the international legal order entails its entering into force in the national legal...
