"The concept of the Rule of Law as defined by Dicey still remains valid : it provides a measure against which we can judge the attitudes and actions of Parliament, Government and the courts"
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The rule of law is often expounded as a pillar of the English Constitution. It was described by Lord Bingham as "the second great rock on which [Dicey?s] constitutional edifice was founded". It was referred to as a statute for the first time, in the Constitutional Reform Act...
Community and the French constitution
Thèse - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
This quotation makes truly central the question of the relations between Community Law and national laws. Community Law enjoys the privilege of primacy over national laws, as a result of the Costa judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1964. In contrast with ordinary international...
The evolution of European judicial cooperation in criminal matters since the Maastricht Treaty
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
This project intends to examine the objectives of judicial cooperation throughout the European Union (hereinafter EU) and the area of freedom, security and justice to ensure a high level of security by mutual recognition of judgment concerning criminal matters. Attention will be drawn to how...
Presidency of India
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The President of India is the head of State as the first citizen of India, and has therefore an important role to play in the political system. He has special duties and powers, which give him importance in the Indian political life. This function first appeared with the Indian Constitution that...
« The effective application of European Union law has been ensured through the development of two key concepts by the European Court of Justice : firstly the supremacy of Community rules and secondly the mechanism of direct effect. » Discuss
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
According to Steiner, Woods & Twigg-Flesner, the ECJ, by interpreting the Treaties, gave direct effect and supremacy a common objective 'in the ECJ's approach: the need to ensure the effectiveness of Community law. [...] The Community would not survive if States were free to act...
The role (present and future) of the European Court of Justice in the protection of asylum-seekers in the European Union
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
The European Court of Justice has laid down a legal Act pertaining to the judicial protection towards asylum seekers. However, this act is not completely flawless. Even if all the Member States ratify the new constitution and it be made effective thereafter, the future of the asylum...
Notions de droit constitutionnel
Cours - 24 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Le droit constitutionnel s'est développé par vague successives, et s'est évolué. Les premières vagues démarrent avec la déclaration d'indépendance des états unis le 4 juillet 1776. Elle a aboutit à la constitution américaine 17 septembre 1787. Cette première constitution écrite a eut des...
Judicial Power: A third and co-equal branch, judicial review and independence
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
In the Constitution, the Supreme Court's specificity finds its origin in the adaptation of the British Common Law's legacy to the American federalism. And, the law's superiority or the 'Rule of Law' implies a strong Judicial System. Indeed, the United States seems to consider...
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza case analysis
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
In the United Kingdom, where there is no written Constitution, the section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 has given the courts the prerogative to read and give effect to statutes “in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights ”. If it cannot be done so, the section 4(2)...
The Constitutionalisation of the treaties by the ECJ: The theories of direct effect and supremacy from the perspective of the French courts
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
The Community has developed with an inexorable dynamism of enhanced supranationalism. As a result, it has first been ruled by general principles of public international law to become an interstate governmental structure "per se " ruled by a "Constitutional Charter? . The...
The principle of direct effect.
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The principle of direct effect is fundamental in community law. It means that Community law can directly create or confer rights or obligations towards individuals, who could, in particular conditions, evoke directly effective community law before their national courts. There are two...
Implementation of European Law in a federal state: The Belgian case between coherence and autonomy
Fiche - 9 pages - Droit européen
‘Ultimately the impact of EU rules depends on the willingness and capacity of Member States authorities to ensure that they are transposed and enforced effectively and fully and on time' (Graver) . This statement from the European Commission in its White Paper on Governance deals with the...
European union law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
According to the European Court of Justice, the ability to review the legality of Community Acts is a part of "the complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions". Following article...
Le régime parlementaire britannique, une séparation souple des pouvoirs ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Le système politique britannique trouve ses origines parmi la Grande Charte de 1215, le Human Rights Act de 1998 et le Constitutional Reform Act de 2005. Le système britannique présente pour le droit constitutionnel beaucoup d'intérêts. Tout d'abord, c'est un phénomène...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by death without...
Law making procedure in India
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Under the parliamentary form of government adopted by the constitution of India, the function of making law belongs to the legislature (art 107 -108). The law making procedure is a very important part of the democratic system. Indeed, it has to insure that the law passed does not endanger the...
La Chambre des Lords dans les institutions britanniques
Cours - 5 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Afin d‘administrer leur royaume et de rendre la justice, les rois d'Angleterre s'entourèrent d'un Grand Conseil, appelé Curia Regis et composé de nobles et d'évêques, qui prendra le nom de Chambre des Lords au XIVème siècle. Son autorité législative va aller en s'accroissant au cours des...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
West Virginia vs. Barnette : the flag salute case
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
Refusal to salute the Flag shall be regarded as an act of insubordination' are the terms in which the Virginia statute let us see a beginning of answer to the questioning about the reasons why the State require a flag salute. Indeed, we understand that the real deal is between the...
L'organisation horizontale des pouvoirs - Les grands modèles de régimes étrangers contemporains
Cours - 15 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Le Parlement a traversé plusieurs siècles d'évolution avant de s'imposer dans le système institutionnel anglais, mais cette édification s'est faite de manière « empirique ». Selon Mathieu et Ardent, c'est un produit de l'histoire. Ce régime a une particularité : il repose sur...
The codecision procedure
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
The article 251 of the European Community and the article 189 b of the European Treaty are the landmarks in European history, as they settled the co decision procedure and therefore put forward the European parliament. The European Parliament used to be the poor parent of the European...
Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois aux Etats Unis
Dissertation - 21 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Traitant des juges, Eugène V. Rostow déclare au début des années 1960 : « Leurs décisions peuvent ( … ) s'avérer, avec l'appui de la sagesse après coup, avoir été justes ou fausses, - une participation créative ou erronée d'un principe jusqu'alors insensé ». C'est ainsi que le contrôle de...
Critically appraise the implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in the UK.
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit européen
Very soon, the Parliament has elaborated texts in order to protect rights of individuals and to fight against the discretionary and excessive powers of the Monarchy. So, certain fundamental texts as the Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights and Habeas Corpus were adopted. It was the beginning of a...
Anglais juridique - Les institutions britanniques
Cours - 40 pages - Droit autres branches
Ce document contient un cours d'anglais juridique destiné à des élèves de licence en droit.
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit international
Following the American Civil Revolution, the federal government sought to grant protection of civil rights for those who have been neglected by it before: African Americans who have just been freed from slavery. This period was called the Reformation (between 1865 and 1877 when they tried to...
The Commission white paper on a European communication policy, an analysis of the conceptual and political issues at stake
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
While it symbolized the failure of national politicians, the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty by the French and Dutch citizens in the referendum of Spring 2005 left the European establishment under the shock: it was evident that both the continuous strengthening of the European...
Privacy and surveillance society in the UK
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
"We live in a surveillance society ". This is the opening sentence of the Report on the Surveillance Society for the Information Commissioner published in September 2006. It states that Everyday life in the U.K. is monitored through the use of credit card, mobile phone, travel cards, loyalty card...
Le régime parlementaire britannique - publié le 20/06/2012
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Incarnant un modèle autant économique, suite à la Révolution industrielle ayant débuté durant le XVIIIe siècle, que social où c'était l'un des premiers États dit « Providence » après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ou encore religieux, la Grande-Bretagne est aussi et surtout un modèle politique....
The installation of a phone mast near a school
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit civil
Peter is single and is employed by the Lobby Group Ltd., a professional, "non-profit" company that acts as a general lobby group for industrialists. Last year he moved to live in a town close to his place of employment. He discovered that the local green field site, adjoining the village...
Rompilla versus Beard
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit pénal
Rompilla v. Beard is a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States about effectiveness of the trial counsel. The case started with a murder matter. Rompilla is sentenced to death by the Court of Pennsylvania, for the murder of James Scanlon in 1988, committed by torture....
