Standard Oil of New Jersey v. U.S., 221 U.S. 1 (1911)
Commentaire d'arrêt - 21 pages - Droit autres branches
La question posée à la Cour Suprême dans l'arrêt Standard Oil of New Jersey v. United States est une question d'interprétation législative. Plus particulièrement, il s'agissait pour la Cour d'interpréter les sections 1 et 2 du Sherman Antitrust Act, ou loi Sherman, sur lesquelles...
The two equality directives of 2000: False-twins
Mémoire - 43 pages - Droit européen
2007, the “European Year of Equal Opportunities for All” in the European Union ended a few months ago, stressing on the question of the current anti-discrimination law in the Union. This initiative of the Commission took place in a general movement of the European Union toward a better...
Conflict of laws and Crossborder litigation What is comity?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Comity, first referred to as comitas gentium by Ulrich Huber in the 17th Century, literally translates to courtesy of people. It provides, in fact with an intellectual and legal justification, the recognition of a foreign law by a sovereign state without weakening the sovereignty of the forum....
Histoire de l'administration: domaine et intervention de l'Etat
Cours - 68 pages - Droit administratif
L'histoire de l'administration en tant que discipline à part entière est au fond quelque chose d'assez récent alors que l'administration existe depuis longtemps. On ne la trouve que dans les années 60-70. L'histoire date de l'invention de l'écriture (3 000 ans avant J-C). L'histoire est vieille...
L'usage de la force par les Etats-Unis en Afghanistan
Mémoire - 12 pages - Droit international
Les événements du 11 septembre 2001 qui ont entraîné la destruction du bâtiment civil du World Trade Center et endommagé les bâtiments militaires du Pentagone en utilisant des avions civils comme armes de destruction massives, ont été universellement condamnés comme des actes de barbarie. Les...
Abortion linked to international trade law
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit international
There are different kinds and different methods of abortion nowadays. The spontaneous abortion, caused by natural causes, the elective abortion, the therapeutic abortion, which deals with the safety of the physical or mental health of women and the induced abortion, practices deliberately for...
Critically consider Thomas Franck's argument about an emerging right to democratic governance in international law with particular reference to the recent Palestinian elections returning a Hamas governing authority
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit constitutionnel
“Democratic tradition involves a richly evolving collection of diverse beliefs, processes and structures that are neither easily characterized in concise terms nor summarized in a single systematic philosophy of governance” . The complexity of democratic governance could not be better...
Human rights - Beyond the universalistic / relativistic paradigm: how to promote a common and cultural-sensitive approach ofmoral principles
Dissertation - 14 pages - Libertés publiques
This article underlines the limitations of the relativistic/universalistic paradigm in regard to the human rights qualification. It defends a third path which consists in a genuine intercultural dialogue, taking into account local specificities in order to promote common moral principles. The...
The evolution of human rights enforcement
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit international
The end of the second world conflict has set the beginning of the institutionalization of Human Rights at a world scale: the previous events have indeed made most of the country think about a way to reach a world consensus about basic rights that each single human being could expect to be given...
English legal system: the Sources of English Law
Cours - 87 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The judicial decisions are the first to be found to develop a system. Today, they are still influencing the system as a whole. Judicial decisions have a weight that their continental counter part does not have. In England, under certain requirements, decisions are biding the judge with the...
CAVEJ L1 Anglais juridique
Cours - 222 pages - Droit autres branches
Wales remained a separate entity from England until the 16th century. Wales is composed of a number of principalities (principautés) with distinct characteristics. Those differences resulted in various conflicts until the middle Ages. Fortunately, in 1536, the Act of Union integrated together...
Cours de Droit international public - publié le 20/02/2009
Cours - 94 pages - Droit international
Depuis 1789, nous vivons sous le dogme politique et juridique selon lequel le droit découle de la volonté du souverain (théorie de Rousseau du Contrat social). La conséquence de cette conception est que tout repose sur la démocratie (conception démocratique du droit : émanant d'un vote à la...
L'avocat salarié : évolution de la profession
Mémoire - 124 pages - Droit autres branches
Mirabeau a écrit : "Je ne connais que trois manières d'exister dans la société : il faut y être mendiant, voleur ou salarié". Cette pensée est au cœur de la loi du 31 décembre 1990 qui a autorisé l'exercice salarié de la profession d'avocat. Il sera démontré que le salariat est devenu...
Le nom de famille
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit civil
[...] Établie par un acte de naissance rédigé par l'officier d'état civil comme le stipule l'article 57 du Code civil, la filiation fait naître un certain nombre de droits patrimoniaux, ainsi que des droits extrapatrimoniaux, comme le prénom ou le nom. Au terme de l'article...
Medical advertisement
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit international
In France, as in Europe, medical advertising is submitted to a legislation. Pharmaceutical laboratories have to be careful every time they issue a new medicine. There are only two countries which allow medical advertising which are the United States of America, and New Zealand. Indeed, in France,...
Exploring the hypothesis that at the centre of a unified and coherent theory of international justice is the idea of the duty to protect." Terry Nardin, "International political theory and the question of justice", 464
Commentaire de texte - 1 pages - Droit international
Terry Nardin explains in this article his theory of the duty to protect. As far as he is concerned, the major issues are a better definition of the issues of international justice and a solution to the problem of enforcement in international justice. The international justice issue is two-fold:...
Corrélation entre droit international et droits internes
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit international
Comme l'ont remarqué certains auteurs de doctrine, si pour une raison ou une autre les actes internationaux devaient se trouver privés de force ou d'application dans l'ordre juridique interne des États, "des pans complets du droit international (sinon l'ensemble de ce que l'on...
Under what circumstances do you think states should intervene in humanitarian crises?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
Humanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for different states? Is humanitarian intervention a right...
"In sum, at night, young people seek excitement in cities, not safety": discuss the relationship between young people's leisure activities, crime and the fear of crime.
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit pénal
Young people's behaviors are seen as a catalyst of change in society; a vector for social and moral evolution. Usually our societies, which are often driven by a sense of cautious conservatism, are prudish or even resistant towards the attitude of the youth. Contrary to common perception...
Droit du travail : la modification du contrat de travail
Cours - 49 pages - Droit du travail
Le contrat de travail est un contrat à exécution successive : il a vocation à se prolonger dans le temps. Un régime de la modification du contrat de travail est dès lors une nécessité. Les arrêts du 10 juillet 1996 marquent un tournant : la Cour de cassation substitue à la...
Corporate governance under English common law : the respective roles of executive and non executive directors
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit des affaires
The role of boards and its relationship to management must be clearly identified. The Companies Act provides that companies must have directors but does not define their functions. This is left to the articles of association, where the most undertaken practice consists of vesting the board of all...
Cases study - Gebhard, Vlassopoulo and Klopp
Étude de cas - 9 pages - Droit européen
Case 1 - Mr. Gebhard was a German lawyer: he was a member of the Stuttgart Bar as ‘independent collaborator' and did not have any chamber there. He pursued a professional activity in Italy since 1978, initially as a collaborator in a set of chambers of lawyers practising in association in...
The Constitutionalisation of the treaties by the ECJ: The theories of direct effect and supremacy from the perspective of the French courts
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
The Community has developed with an inexorable dynamism of enhanced supranationalism. As a result, it has first been ruled by general principles of public international law to become an interstate governmental structure "per se " ruled by a "Constitutional Charter? . The Constitutionalisation is...
Principles and Practices of Consumer's Protection within the European Union
Dissertation - 19 pages - Droit européen
The objective of the European Union is to protect the health, safety and the economic well-being of its citizens. In this regard, it is the responsibility of the EU to promote the right to information, help in safeguarding the interests and encourage the member states to set up consumer...
La légitime défense - La Charte des Nations-Unies et l'artice 51
Fiche - 3 pages - Droit international
Le concept de légitime défense a acquis une grande importance dans les relations internationales à travers le développement du droit de la guerre. Ainsi, au 19è siècle, la guerre offensive était considérée comme un moyen politique d'accroître sa puissance (on peut citer comme exemple les...
La politique extérieure des Etats-Unis en matière de droit pénal international ou une conception autonome de la justice pénale
Dissertation - 20 pages - Droit pénal
Face à cette volonté internationale, maintes fois prouvée dans « l'histoire » du droit international pénal, d'établir une justice pénale inter-étatique, certains Etats, et non des moindres s'agissant des Etats-Unis, semblent s'opposer à cette internationalisation. Il s'agit...
Les aspects internationaux du contentieux interne
Dissertation - 17 pages - Droit international
La création de la Cour Pénale Internationale, après que soixante Etats aient ratifié ses statuts, a été saluée par le secrétaire général des Nations Unies comme une avancée dans la construction de la société internationale. Il est à remarquer que le droit international entendu comme « l'ensemble...
Le principe de l'interdiction de la menace et de l'emploi de la force
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
Contrairement à l'ordre juridique interne, ou l'Etat concentre dans ses mains l'emploi de la force, l'ordre international ne connait pas de système analogue. Ce fait découle de la souveraineté même des sujets qui la composent. C'est cette spécificité qui complique...
The protection of consumers on Internet
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit autres branches
The recent boom of the internet in Europe and the emergence of a new kind of commerce (e-commerce) led to a widening of the commercial offers that can be proposed to the consumers. Simultaneous with such an expansion in internet offering come the demand for online security regarding the rights...
The American Criminal Legal System
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit pénal
The historical importance of the rule of law, which is one of the main values of the Founding Fathers, can be highlighted in this essay. However, recent trends show that Americans tend to be less confident with regard to their system than they used to be. OJ Simpson's case has well revealed...
